F A L L 2 0 1 1 V o l . 1 2 , N o . 3
P
L A N E T A R Y
S
C I E N C E
I
N S T I T U T E
Copyright © 2011 by Planetary Science Institute
N E W S L E T T E R
Inside this issue:
VISUALIZING VESTA
2
2011
PSI RETREAT
3-5
JAPANESE PUPILS COUNT CRATERS, WIN PRIZE
6
DIRECTOR’S NOTE
6
AWARDS AND NOTICES
7
Arizona, California, District of Columbia, Indiana, Kentucky, Maryland , Maine , New Mexico, Nevada, South Carolina, Texas, Utah, Virginia, Vermont, Washington, Wisconsin,
West Virginia
Est.
1972
www.psi.edu
The red dotted line shows the location of Mercury’s magnetic equa-
tor, as recently determined by data from MESSENGER’s space-
craft. The magnetic equator is far north of the planet’s geographic
equator (the horizontal light gray line at 0° latitude), located about
300 miles north of the planet’s center.
Both images credited to:
NASA/Johns
Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory/Carnegie Institution of Washington
.
I
n August 2004,
NASA’s MESSENGER
mission — MErcury
Surface, Space Envi-
ronment, GEochemistry
and Ranging — was
launched on a seven-
year-long journey to
Mercury.
And, on
March 18, 2011, it
made its historic entry
into orbit around the
planet.
Six PSI scientists, with
differing areas of exper-
tise, are on the MES-
SENGER mission: Deb-
orah Domingue Lorin,
W i l l i a m F e l d m a n ,
Robert Gaskell, Eliza-
beth Jensen, Catherine
Johnson and Faith Vilas.
Onboard the spacecraft are seven scientific instruments that are
providing researchers with new data on the planet’s geochemistry,
geophysics, geologic history, atmosphere,
and magnetic field en-
vironment. With data from one of these instruments—the magne-
tometer—
Catherine Johnson, PSI Senior Scientist and MESSEN-
(Continued next page)
MESSENGER Scrutinizes Mercury
by Alan Fischer and Chris Holmberg
MESSENGER offers a new look at Mercury, the planet closest to the sun, with some surprises about its magnetic field.
GER mission partici-
pating scientist, is in-
vestigating Mercury’s
magnetic field and
finding very interesting
results. By characteriz-
ing the magnetic field,
MESSENGER will
help answer the ques-
tion of why the inner
planets differ in their
magnetic histories.
Some scientific views
based on earlier Mer-
cury flyby missions are
being proven incorrect;
one is about
Mercury’s
m a g n e t i c f i e l d .
“Scientists thought Mer-
cury's magnetic field
was a miniature version
of Earth's," said Sean
Solomon of the Carne-
gie Institution of Washington, the mission's principal investigator.
"What we're seeing is, it is not."
In the 1970s, scientists learned from NASA’s Mariner 10 that
Mercury had a significant magnetic field, as does Earth. (Venus
and Mars do not.) Now, in 2011, the magnetometer instrument
finds that the source of this magnetic field is not dead center in
Mercury’s interior but 480 km (300 miles) north of the planet’s
geographical equator. This is a surprising discovery, and it re-
mains to be seen what this means about how Mercury’s field is
generated. One consequence is that the magnetic field protecting
This is an artist’s depiction of the MESSENGER spacecraft in orbit around the planet
Mercury. Launched from Cape Canaveral on August 3, 2004, it returned to Earth for a
gravity boost on August 2, 2005, then flew past Venus twice in October 2006 and June
2007. The spacecraft used the tug of Venus’ gravity to resize and rotate its trajectory
closer to Mercury’s orbit.
MESSENGER will be orbiting Mercury and collecting data
until March 2012.
PSI NEWSLETTER
Fall 2011
2
Copyright © 2011 by Planetary Science Institute
PLANETARY SCIENCE INSTITUTE
NEWSLETTER
Fall 2011 Vol. 12, No. 3 Published Quarterly
Chris Holmberg, Editor
Alan Fischer, Contributing Science Writer/Photographer
Amy Hartmann-Gordon, Friends of PSI Update
Special
thanks to Gil Esquerdo, Emily Joseph, Carol Neese and Elaine Owens
Visualizing Vesta
by David O’Brien
W
ith spacecraft observations, we can't always pick the perfect
vantage point or place the sun exactly where we'd like it to be.
But by using a computer graphics technique called raytracing, we
can take spacecraft data and generate a new view of any location
and with any lighting conditions.
For NASA's Dawn mission, which is currently in orbit around the
asteroid Vesta, I've been using raytracing software called POV-
Ray, together with photographs taken by Dawn, to better visualize
the asteroid. To aid in the identification and mapping of geologic
features, I have produced relief images of the topography, created
animations of Vesta as it rotates, and generated simulated flyovers
of its surface.
The images at
left and top
right show ex-
amples of how
this software can
be used to visu-
alize the imaging
and shape data
together. They
were made by
combining im-
age mosaics of
Vesta's surface, produced by the German Aerospace Center
(DLR), with a shape model of Vesta generated by PSI Senior Sci-
entist Robert Gaskell.
The image at left is
centered on the equa-
tor, and shows a rela-
tively smooth surface
with prominent east-
west grooves transi-
tioning to a more
heavily-cratered sur-
face in the north.
The image at right
shows a group of
three prominent craters referred to as "The Snowman," as well as
a mysterious dark spot towards the left of the image. The eleva-
tions are exaggerated by a factor of approximately two in order to
better highlight Vesta's surface features.
This photograph, taken
3,200 miles from Vesta
on July 24, 2011, shows
nearly a full hemisphere
of the asteroid’s surface.
“The Snowman” feature,
at left, is one area that
Dave O’Brien has cre-
ated models of (see
above) using Dawn’s
framing camera photos
and raytracing software.
The NASA Dawn mission will study Vesta for a year before de-
parting for its second target, the dwarf planet Ceres, arriving in
2015. PSI is deeply involved in Dawn, with 12 scientists on the
mission, and operates the Gamma Ray and Neutron Detector
(GRaND), the instrument that will measure the elemental abun-
dances of Vesta’s surface and constrain its mineralogical composi-
tion. For more information about the Dawn mission, go to
http://
www.nasa.gov/dawn
.
Vesta images: NASA/JPL-Caltech/UCLA/MPS/DLR/IDA
MESSENGER Scrutinizes Mercury
(continued)
the southern hemisphere is weaker than that protecting the north-
ern hemisphere, leaving the southern hemisphere more vulnerable
to being bombarded by charged particles from the sun.
“This is an exciting result that suggests something fundamentally
different about what processes play a key role in the generation of
Mercury’s magnetic field compared with those important to
Earth’s magnetic field,” said Johnson. “The result may have im-
portant implications for the internal dynamics of the planet and
how the planet cools today.”
Johnson is also studying data from MESSENGER’s Mercury La-
ser Altimeter, which is systematically mapping the topography of
Mercury’s northern hemisphere. Major features on the planet –
previously seen only at comparatively low resolution – are now in
sharp focus. After more than two million laser-ranging observa-
tions, the planet’s large-scale shape and profiles of geological
features are being revealed in high detail. We now know that the
north polar region of Mercury is a broad area of low elevations.
“We have in our solar system four experiments in how four Earth-
like planets evolve once they form under slightly different condi-
tions,” said Solomon, referring to Mercury, Venus, Earth and
Mars, the four rocky planets of the inner solar system.
“What we’re learning is each of those experiments had an extraor-
dinarily different outcome,” he said. “And one of those experi-
ments we live on. So it behooves us, in a very general way, to
understand how Earth-like planets form and evolve and operate.”
Other instruments on MESSENGER are producing interesting
results as well. Measurements of the chemical composition of
Mercury’s surface are providing important clues to the origin of
the planet and its geological history. Maps of the planet’s topogra-
phy and magnetic field are revealing new insights into Mercury’s
interior dynamical processes. And scientists now know that bursts
of energetic particles in Mercury’s magnetosphere are a continu-
ing product of the interaction of Mercury’s magnetic field with
solar wind.
Look for future articles about Mercury MESSENGER findings in
the PSI Newsletter and on the PSI website.
A first series of papers using orbital data from MESSENGER was pub-
lished in the September 30
th
issue of Science magazine. For up-to-date
news on the MESSENGER mission see http://messenger.jhuapl.edu.
Fall 2011
PSI NEWSLETTER
Copyright© 2011 by Planetary Science Institute
3
I
n August, local PSI employees and off-site scien-
tists from around the globe assembled at the his-
toric Westward Look Resort, in the mountain foot-
hills near Tucson, for the seventh annual retreat.
Beautiful desert surroundings were the backdrop
for the meeting where members spent two days at
scheduled science talks, small group discussions,
poster presentations, and shared meals. This year,
79 people attended the retreat from 14 U.S. states,
Australia, Canada, Japan, and the United Kingdom.
PSI staff and their guests filled Janos restaurant for
the retreat banquet and relished the superb south-
western cuisine. Afterwards, tributes were made to
Don Davis and Kelly Yoder in honor of their many
years of service at PSI. Visit our website for the
complete retreat program:
www.psi.edu/
retreat/2011
More retreat photos on pages 4-5
PSI members at the retreat, front row (l-r): Jesse Stone, Mark V. Sykes, Kathi Gardner, Deborah Domingue Lorin, Joe Michalski, Karly Pit-
man, Tom Prettyman, Elizabeth Jensen, Eldar Noe Dobrea, Candace Kohl, Chris Holmberg. Second row: Kimberly Kuhlman, Elaine Owens,
Susan Benecchi, Kristin Lawrence, Lijie Han, Cathy Weitz, Dan Berman, Beatrice Mueller, Rose Early. Third row: Kelly Yoder, Catherine
Johnson, Rebecca Ghent, Luke Sollitt, Susanne Douglas, William Feldman, Carol Neese. Fourth row: Sanlyn Buxner, Candy Hansen, Rebecca
Williams, Tommy Grav, Alice Baldridge, Joe Spitale, Julie Rathbun, Thea Ca
Z
izo. Fifth row: Robert Reedy, Asmin Pathare, Jeff Morgenthaler.
Sixth row: Bruce Barnett, Melissa Lane, David Crown, David Acklam, Jade Carter-Bond, William Hartmann, Emily Joseph, Amy Trueba
Knudson. Seventh row: Andy Nelson (guest), Frank Chuang, Michael Gibbs, Mark Bishop, Brent Garry, Ross Irwin, Michael Wendell, Henry
Throop, Gavin Nelson, Stu Weidenschilling, David O’Brien, Dave Vaniman, Michelle Greer. Eighth row: Ed Tedesco, Alan Fischer, Jim McEl-
waine, Larry Lebofsky, Tim Hunter, Marc Fries, Mary Chapman, Kitty and Marvin Killgore (guests). Back row: Alexis Palmero Rodriguez,
Pasquale Tricarico, Eric Palmer, and Al Anzaldua.
PSI Retreat 2011
PSI Board Chair Tim Hunter gave Don
Davis (in green) a plaque that recognized
his leadership of the Institute as co-
founder and Director for over 30 years,
his 15 years on the PSI Board of Trus-
tees, and his many contributions to plane-
tary science including advancing our
knowledge of asteroids and the origin of
the moon. Thank you, Don!
Kelly Yoder received an award from
Mark Sykes commemorating her 15
years with the Institute as our amazing
Sponsored Projects Manager, effi-
ciently administering 173 grants and
contracts this year alone. Bravo, Kelly!
Phot
o: H
enr
y T
h
roop
Photo: Jesse Stone
Phot
o: Al
an Fi
sc
her
4
Fall 2011
PSI NEWSLETTER
Copyright© 2011 by Planetary Science Institute
Eric Palmer described the Mer-
cator project’s goal to provide
navigation for future NASA
missions to Mars and the moon.
Director Mark Sykes welcomed
everyone to PSI’s seventh retreat .
Tommy Grav came from Mary-
land for his first PSI retreat.
A lot of interest is generated by the first im-
ages received from the Dawn mission’s look at
the asteroid Vesta. PSI has 12 scientists on the
Dawn mission.
Liz Jensen (TX) presented
her research on measuring
the “invisible” magnetic
field in the solar atmosphere.
PSI Trustees at the retreat: l-r, Secretary Michael Gibbs, Chair Tim
Hunter, Vice Chair Candace Kohl and Trustee Emeritus John Mason.
PSI 2011 Retreat Photo Gallery
Catherine Johnson, from Vancou-
ver, BC, reported on MESSEN-
GER’s findings about Mercury’s
magnetic field. Six PSI scientists
are on the MESSENGER team.
L-r, Kristen Lawrence (CA), Rebecca Ghent
(ON), and Catherine Johnson (BC) at lunch.
Luke Sollitt (SC) described the Atsa
Suborbital Observatory that PSI and
XCOR Aerospace have agreed to
develop. PSI’s Mark Sykes and Faith
Vilas are two of the crew members
who will operate this observatory
during flight.
Rebecca Ghent, from
Toronto, detailed her
investigations of regolith
cover on ejecta rocks.
Kristen Lawrence explains her poster on interac-
tions between the early Martian dynamo, surface
water, atmosphere, and solar wind to Tim
Hunter and Al Anzaldua.
Rebecca Williams (WI)
talked about her field-
work this year in Chile
and S. Australia.
Joe Spitale’s presentation
was on the detection of
free unstable modes and
massive bodies in Saturn’s
outer B ring.
Dave Vaniman described
Mars Science Lab’s Curi-
osity rover’s upcoming
exploration of mineralogy
at Gale Crater on Mars.
Photo: Henry Throop
5
Fall 2011
Frank Chuang (at left) from
Chandler, AZ, talked about
PSI's software licenses and
institutional field equipment
at the meeting.
L-r, Jim McElwaine (UK) is admiring
meterorites with the collector Marvin
Killgore, who owns these and many
more. Some retreat goers took a field
trip to the Southwest Meteorite Lab.
Tommy Grav (MD) presented his
research on the Jupiter Trojans as
seen from the Wide-field Infrared
Survey Explorer (WISE).
The Retreat Banquet at Janos
Enjoying the banquet: l-r, Brent
Garry (DC) and Bob Reedy (NM).
Trustee Michael Gibbs (MD), Bruce Barnett,
Tammi Palmer and Marilyn Guengerich.
Facing the camera: l-r, Trustee Pat Simmons and wife
Sandy Simmons, Ewen Whitaker and Trustee Ben Smith.
At the banquet: Jeff Morgenthaler (ME)
and Ed Tedesco (NM).
Board Chair Tim Hunter and wife Carol Hunter.
Some of our California scientists at the
banquet: l-r, in front, Karly Pitman, and
Julie Rathbun; behind them are Eldar
Noe Dobrea and Susanne Douglas.
PSI retreat attendees filled Janos restaurant:
from left, Liz Jensen (TX), Dave Vaniman
(NM) and Henry Throop (DC).
Cheers! L-r, Alice Baldridge (CA),
Cathy Weitz (DC), Melissa Lane
(PA) and Amy Trueba Knudson
(WA).
PSI NEWSLETTER
Copyright© 2011 by Planetary Science Institute
To illustrate where and how far the Apollo missions trav-
eled at each landing site on the moon, Brent Garry (DC)
compared where the Apollo astronauts would have explored
if they had landed in DC. The first three Apollo landings
(Apollo 11,12,14) would not have left the National Mall,
whereas the final three missions (Apollo 15,16,17) would
have crossed the Potomac River into Virginia.
Gavin Nelson, PSI’s Infrastruc-
ture System Administrator, with
off-site scientist Candy Hansen
(UT), for an on-site tutorial dur-
ing the retreat.
Photo: Henry Throop
*Unless otherwise noted, all photographs were taken by Alan Fischer and Chris Holmberg.
6
Fall 2011
Japanese School Adapts PSI Crater Count
Dating System, Wins Prize
by William K. Hartmann
I
n August, 2010, I received an
email from Yoshio Okamoto, a
geosciences teacher at Tonnoji
High School, affiliated with
Osaka Kyoiku University, in
Osaka, Japan. He was interested
in using the crater chronometry
system developed and used at PSI
since the 1970s to estimate ages
of planetary surfaces. The idea is
simple: the more impact craters,
the older the surface. Like many
simple ideas in science, the im-
plementation has been complex.
We calibrated our system by using
dates from rocks collected at
Apollo moon landing sites, then
translated the whole system to
Mars. Starting in 2006, a strong
confirmation of the system came, when cameras on Mars Global
Surveyor and more recently Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter de-
tected craters forming on Mars at a rate very close to our pre-
dicted rate.
Okamoto stayed in touch, sending sample data and questions
from the Japanese students and, as he noted, the system is ideal
for classroom use. Teachers anywhere in the world can
download scaled photographs of Martian geologic formations
from many websites and distribute them to students. Students
can measure diameters of craters in millimeters and convert to
meters or kilometers on Mars. By measuring the area of the pho-
tos, they can derive the number of craters per square km
in vari-
ous diameters. Using data from our PSI web site (www.psi.edu/
research/isochrons/chron04a.html), teachers and students can plot
Japanese high school students
in Osaka use a measuring
scale to record diameters of
craters on Mars.
their data on our “isochron diagram” (bottom of page 2 on PSI
webpage) of the number of craters per square km versus crater
diameter. Their results can then be compared to our “isochron”
curves that show the predicted crater densities for various ages,
such as 1 million years (My) or 1 billion years (Gy) and the stu-
dent can read off the approximate age. The project is ideal not
only for teaching simple geometric arithmetic, but also principles
of statistics (the more craters that are counted, the less the scatter
in the diagram), astronomy (the craters are caused by impacts of
asteroids scattered through the solar system), and geology
(younger geologic formations, such as new lava flows, are super-
imposed on older surfaces, such as ancient river beds).
I received word in July that the students were off to present their
results at the international “Super Science High School” confer-
ence and competition among Japanese and Asian science stu-
dents, held in Kobe,
Japan. And then on
August 21, I received
an excited email
from Okamoto that
the students had won
the Japanese Science
and Technology
Master prize—Silver
medal—in the com-
petition. As the stu-
dents said, they have
apparently taken
crater counting to a
higher level than any
other high school in
the world!
It’s exciting to see our work move from esoteric scientific jour-
nals into distant classrooms, and we hope for additional interest
from more teachers. We stand by to advise and assist.
Director’s Note
PSI NEWSLETTER
Copyright© 2011 by Planetary Science Institute
The Japanese students presenting their prize-
winning crater chronometry results at the
international “Super Summer High School”
competition, August 11-12, 2011, in Kobe
Japan.
P
SI's Annual Retreat is always ener-
gizing! It is great to have so many of
our scientists in from around the coun-
try and the world, interacting face to
face, listening to presentations by our
newest members, pushing forward ex-
isting collaborations and starting up
new ones.
We heard about asteroid populations,
volcanism on the moon, planet formation in star clusters, Mer-
cury's odd magnetic field, lunar paleomagnetism, probing mag-
netic fields in the solar atmosphere, volatile atmospheres of satel-
lites, microbes living in rock, and Saturn's rings.
We watched movies of avalanches in the Alps (what we do for
science...), how to navigate on the moon from topography, con-
struction of the Atsa Armrest Camera by students at The Citadel
(with whom we did centrifuge training a few months ago), and
plans for the study of Gale Crater by Curiosity (NASA Mars Sci-
ence Lab rover) that launches for Mars this November.
This year we experimented with having posters. These proved
very popular and useful for breakout discussions throughout the
meeting. New additions kept popping up. We'll undoubtedly have
more next year.
Our traditional banquet was also a great success (and delicious as
usual, thanks to Janos!). A highlight of the evening was our
Sponsored Projects Manager, Kelly Yoder, being surprised and
stunned at being recognized for her 15 years of service at PSI. It
has been a real pleasure, these past several years, to recognize the
long tenure of so many of our staff and the great work they do.
This retreat was also marked by a PSiPad exchange. Since we
only get together once a year, we always need to be working on
improving our communications infrastructure to increase and
promote interaction within our distributed Institute. The advent of
the iPad 2 with a camera and capability for Skype and FaceTime
was irresistible. I expect that we will get to the point, ultimately,
where easy video communication is the norm.
Now we just need to get going on those flying cars!
Mark V. Sykes
October 2011
PSI NEWSLETTER
Fall 2011
7
Copyright © 2011 by Planetary Science Institute
Sad news: Robert J. Parks, PSI Trustee from 1998 to 2004, died on
June 3, 2011, of complications following injuries suffered from a fall
in his home. He is survived by his wife,
Hanne, three sons, and two grandsons. Bob
and Hanne lived on Balboa Island.
Bob spent many years at JPL, retiring in 1987
as Deputy Director. In his long career at JPL,
Bob oversaw the development and operation of
numerous planetary spacecraft, including the
Mariner, Ranger, Surveyor, and Viking series.
When JPL was a U.S. Army installation, Bob
worked on the Corporal and Sergeant missiles.
He served in the Army in Europe during World
War II. He was a graduate of Caltech, and was a classmate of Gene
Shoemaker, Stan Holditch, and John Mason, all former PSI Trustees.
Bob was elected to the National Academy of Engineering in 1973. He
will be missed by all who knew him.
Notice to PSI Newsletter readers:
Beginning with the Winter 2011 issue, the PSI
Newsletter will be sent only to Friends of PSI!
To continue receiving news about PSI and be a
part of our success, become a Friend of PSI.
Yearly membership is only $40.00!
Join us at www.psi.edu/Friend
On August 10, Ruby Mi-
chelle was born to first-time
parents Dana and Michael
Wendell. (He is a PSI Soft-
ware Developer). Ruby
weighed 7 lb. 12 oz., and
measured 18.5 inches.
Congratulations Dana and
Michael, she’s beautiful. And
welcome Ruby Michelle!
Trustee Michael Gibbs Receives Award
LAUREL, MD (August 24, 2011) – PSI Board member
Dr. Michael G. Gibbs, vice president for advancement of
Capitol College, is a recipient of The Daily Record’s 2011
“VIP List of very important professionals successful by
40” award. The award is given to Maryland professionals
under the age of 40 on the basis of professional accom-
plishment, civic involvement and impact of achievement.
Bravo, Michael!
Asteroid Named for Betty Pierazzo
The asteroid originally designated 1992 AS2, discovered in Janu-
ary 2002 by Spacewatch at Kitt Peak, is now named for our re-
cently deceased colleague and friend Betty Pierazzo and will be
known as (15296) Pierazzo.
Elisabetta (Betty) Pierazzo (1963-2011) was an expert in impact
modeling, in particular of the Chicxulub impact, as well as in
modeling the astrobiological and environmental effects of im-
pacts on Earth and Mars. She was an enthusiastic communicator
of science to the general public and a dedicated teacher of plane-
tary science for students and educators.
See the Summer 2011 PSI Newsletter for the full obituary.
PSI Postdoctoral Research
Scientist Jade Bond and Ja-
son Carter were married on
Feb. 26, 2011, at St. Ann's
Chapel, in Tucson AZ.
The newlyweds have recently
moved back to Jade’s home
country, Australia.
Best wishes, Jade and Jason!
Steve Kortenkamp (center) and his wife Jane
Morrison with UA College of Science Dean Joa-
quin Ruiz at the award presentation.
Kortenkamp Receives Teaching Award
PSI Senior Scientist Steve Kortenkamp was selected by the fac-
ulty of the College of Science at the University of Arizona to
receive the 2011 "Innovations in Teaching" award. Kortenkamp
has been an adjunct instructor at UA since 2007, teaching a
planetary science course each fall for astronomy and planetary
science minors as well as non-science majors. He was selected
for the award on the basis of his stunning custom-made computer
visualizations, innovative examination techniques, and utilization
of hand-held RF devices for student participation in large lecture
halls. During the award presentation UA's Dean Ruiz also high-
lighted Kortenkamp's series of childrens’ science books and the
distribution of his visualizations to K-12 science teachers through
PSI's Project WISER E/PO program.
Hooray, Steve!
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PLANETAR
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NCE INSTIT
UTE
Newslet
ter
Publis
hed Quar
terl
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CEO and Director
Mark V. Sykes, PhD, JD
Assistant Director
David A. Crown, PhD
Chief Financial Officer
Bruce Barnett, CPA
Senior Scientists
Natalia Artemieva, PhD
Matt Balme, PhD
Mary C. Bourke, PhD
Mary G. Chapman, PhD
Donald R. Davis, PhD
Deborah Domingue Lorin, PhD
Susanne Douglas, PhD
Jack Drummond, PhD
William C. Feldman, PhD
Robert W. Gaskell, PhD
Cyrena A. Goodrich, PhD
Jennifer A. Grier, PhD
Lijie Han, PhD
Candice J. Hansen, PhD
William K. Hartmann, PhD
Keith Holsapple, PhD
Anton Ivanov, PhD
Sumita Jayaraman, PhD
Catherine Johnson, PhD
Stephen Kortenkamp, PhD
Kimberly R. Kuhlman, PhD
Melissa D. Lane, PhD
James N. McElwaine, PhD
Jeffrey P. Morgenthaler, PhD
Beatrice E. A. Mueller, PhD
Thomas H. Prettyman, PhD
Julie Rathbun, PhD
Robert C. Reedy, PhD
Nalin H. Samarasinha, PhD
Joseph N. Spitale, PhD
Planetary Science Institute
Fall 2011
Copyright © 2011 by Planetary Science Institute
Matthew Staid, PhD
Edward F. Tedesco, PhD
Henry Throop, PhD
David Vaniman, PhD
Faith Vilas, PhD
Stuart J. Weidenschilling, PhD
Catherine Weitz, PhD
Rebecca Williams, PhD
Charles A. Wood, PhD
R. Aileen Yingst, PhD
Research Scientists
Sarah Andre, PhD
Alice Baldridge, PhD
Daniel C. Berman, MS
Leslie F. Bleamaster, III, PhD
Marc D. Fries, PhD
Brent Garry, PhD
Rebecca Ghent, PhD
Tommy Grav, PhD
Rossman P. Irwin III, PhD
Scott C. Mest, PhD
Joseph Michalski, PhD
Eldar Z. Noe Dobrea, PhD
David P. O’Brien, PhD
Asmin Pathare, PhD
Alexis Palmero Rodriguez, PhD
Karly M. Pitman, PhD
Nicholas J. Tosca, PhD
Pasquale Tricarico, PhD
Associate Research Scientists
Susan Benecchi, PhD
Mark Bishop, PhD
Elizabeth Jensen, PhD
Amy Trueba Knudson, PhD
Stephen Metzger, PhD
Nic Richmond, PhD
Luke Sollitt, PhD
Postdoctoral Research Scientists
Jade Carter-Bond, PhD
Kristin P. Lawrence, PhD
Eric E. Palmer, PhD
Naoyuki Yamashita, PhD
Senior Education Specialists
Steven Croft, PhD
Larry A. Lebofsky, PhD
Education Specialist
Sanlyn Buxner, PhD
Education Support Specialist
Thea L. Cañizo, EdD
Science Support Staff
Frank C. Chuang, MS
Research Associate/Software Specialist
Rose Early
Lead Software Developer
Gilbert A. Esquerdo
Research Assistant
Emily C. S. Joseph
Research Assistant
Carol Neese, PhD
Senior Research Associate
Jesse Stone
Software Developer
Michael Wendell
Software Developer
Affiliate Senior Scientists
James N. Head, PhD
Hideaki Hirdy Miyamoto, PhD
Affiliate Scientists
Matthew A. Chamberlain, PhD
Yan Jianguo, PhD
Corporate Staff
Alan D. Fischer
Public Information Officer
Kathleen Gardner, MA
Information Technology Technician
Change Serv
ice Requested
Michelle Greer
Accountant
Amy G. Hartmann-Gordon, MBA
Development Officer
Chris Holmberg
Newsletter Editor/Assistant Administrator
Gavin Nelson
Infrastructure System Administrator
Elaine Owens
Office Manager
Linda Rueger
Human Resources Specialist
Kelly Yoder
Sponsored Projects Manager
Terrill Yuhas
Information Technology Manager
Board of Trustees
Tim Hunter, MD, Chair
University of Arizona Medical Center
Candace Kohl, PhD, Vice Chair
Independent Consultant
Michael G. Gibbs, EdD, Secretary
Capitol College
Brent Archinal, PhD
Geodesist
William K. Hartmann, PhD
Planetary Science Institute
Pat H. Simmons
Alliance Bank
Benjamin Smith, JD
Attorney at Law
Mark V. Sykes, PhD, JD
Planetary Science Institute
Trustees Emeritus
Donald R. Davis, PhD
Planetary Science Institute
John L. Mason, PhD
Applied Research & Technology
Document Outline - Fall2011
- Fall2011pg3456Nov1
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