An approximation is… *
make meaning of what they are reading, writing, hearing, or saying in their L1
make meaning of what students are reading
make meaning of what students are speaking
anything that is intentionally similar but not exactly equal to something else
A generalized set of classroom specifications for accomplishing linguistic objectives. Primarily concerned with the teacher and student roles and behaviors and secondarily with such features as linguistic and subject-matter objectives, sequencing, and materials. They are almost always thought of as being broadly applicable to a variety of audiences in a variety of contexts. *
Approach
Method
Technique
TPR
Designs for carrying a particular language program. Features include a primary concern with the specification of linguistic and subject-matter objectives, sequencing, and materials to meet the needs of a designated group of learners in a defined context. *
Technique
Method
Syllabus
Approach
Students learn English by translating to and from their native language. They memorize irregular verb forms by writing them down over and over. Speaking skills are not a main focus. *
grammar translation method
communicative approach
audiolingual method
total physical response method
The students learn patterns of language by repeating model sentences that the teacher provides. They memorize set phrases
and receive positive reinforcement from their teacher when they perform drills correctly .
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total physical response method
communicative approach
audiolingual method
direct method