Somnos/sop = sleep
Somnambulism =sleep walking
Insomnia = sleeplessness, wakefulness, restlessness
Soporific = sleep causing
SON = SOUND
Dissonance = discord, disagreement, conflict, dissention, difference
X harmony
Resonant = echo, reverberating, resonate, booming, echoing, ringing
Sonorous = loud, deep, booming, echoing
X thin
Consonance = agreement
SOPH = LEARNING
Sophistry = literalism, lack of imagination, laboriousness
X creativity
Sophisticated = complicated, urbane, stylish, difficult, chic, refined
X primitive
SPER = HOPE
Prosper = become rich, flourish, thrive
Desperate = hopeless, frantic, anxious, worried, distressed, distracted, fraught
X calm
Aspersion = A disparaging remark, calumny
SPIR = BREATH, LIVE
Conspirator = partner in a crime, schemer, plotter, conniver
Transpire = happen, emerge, revealed become apparent/known/obvious
STRUC/STRU = BUILD
Construe = interpret, understand by
Misconstrue = misinterpret, misunderstand
Obstruct = impede, hinder, block, barricade, thwart, frustrate, hamper
SUB = BELOW, UNDER
Subterranean = bottomless, profound, unfathomable, cavernous, yawning
X shallow
Subcutaneous = Relating to or located below the epidermis, hypodermic
Subvert = undermine, destabilize, sabotage, weaken, threaten, challenge
Subversive = dissident, rebellious, revolutionary, insubordinate, seditious
Subpoena = A writ issued by court authority to compel the attendance of a witness at a judicial proceeding; disobedience may be punishable as a contempt of court
Subliminal = unintentional, hidden, unconscious, subconscious, concealed
X conscious
STUDE/STUDI = EAGER
Studious = industrious, diligent, sedulous, serious, bookish, scholarly, academic
Studied = deliberate, calculated, premeditated, intentional, willful
X casual, adventitious
SAL/SAULT = SPRING, JUMP
Salient = most important, outstanding, prominent, relevant, significant, leading, main
X minor
Somersault = cartwheel, flip flop, tumble, turn over, forward roll
Assault = physical attack, staging, mugging, beating, battering
Desultory = unmethodical, irregular, haphazard, unfocused, random, aimless, halfhearted
X methodical, focused
SUMMA = HIGHEST
Summit = pinnacle, acme, apex, peak
(2) meeting
consummate = fulfilled, accomplished, culminated, completed, perfect, achieved, expert
Summum bonum = he supreme good in which all moral values are included or from which they are derived, highest good
Summa cum laude = highest honors
SURG/SURRECT = RISE
Surge = rush, flow, gush, coarse, pitch, heave, pour
Resurgent = Rising again as to new life and vigor
Insurgent = rebel, uprising, mutinous, insurrection, dissatisfied, revolutionary
X content
Resurrect = bring back to life, revive, save
X kill
Resuscitate = revive, save, breathe new life into
X asphyxiate
SUPER/SUR = EXCESS, ABOVE, OVER
Supercilious = arrogant, haughty disdainful, scornful, contemptuous, condescending, patronizing
Supercede = succeed, displace, surpass, supplant
Superfluous = unwanted, redundant, surplus
Surplice = garment worn over, fur coat
Surfeit = oversupply, glut, excess
X deficit, scarce
Insurmountable = invincible, unconquerable, intractable, insoluble
X easy
Surly = rude, impolite, churlish, gruff, brusque
Surrogate = substitute, replacement, deputy, stand-in
SYM/SYN = SAME, TOGETHER
Symbiosis = mutually beneficial
X internecine, mutually destructive
Synergy = work together
Syncopation = changing beat or accent in music
Syncope = temporary loss of consciousness due to drop in blood pressure
TACT/TANG = TOUCH
Tactile = tangible, palpable, concrete
Tangential = peripheral, superficial, lateral, divergent
Tangent = departure, digression
Tact = skill
TACIT/TIC = SILENT
Tacit = unspoken, implicit, inferred, understood
X explicit
Taciturn = laconic, reserved, aloof, introvert, reticent
Reticent = unwilling to tell, uncommunicative
X loquacious, talkative
Tain/Ten/Tent/Tin = holding
Tenant = occupant, resident, renter, lodger, boarder, paying guest, lessee
Pertinacious = sticking, stubborn, adamant, pig-headed, obdurate, obstinate, persistent, unshakeable, tenacious, preserve, willful, headstrong
Tenacious = holding tightly, stubborn
Retinue = entourage, followers, attendance, escort, convoy
Retain = hold back, preserve, save
Detain = arrest, hold, capture, confine, control, restrain
X release
TELE = DISTANT
Telekinesis = supposed ability to move objects by mental power
TEMPO = TIME
Contemporary = of the same period, modern, current, up to date, fashionable, present day
X old
Extempore = impromptu, off the cuff, ad-lib, unplanned, improvised
TEND/TENS/TENT = STRETCH
Distend = balloon, swell, stretch, bloat, inflate, expand, increase
X deflate
Tense = worry, anxious, nervous, stressed, edgy, upright, overwrought
Tension = worry, nervousness, anxiety, stress, strain, pressure, apprehension
X relief
Tensile = capable of being stretched
Fragile = easily broken, brittle, delicate
Ostensible = showy, apparent, seeming, pompous
TERR = FRIGHTEN
Terrify = frighten, horrify, petrify scare
TERRA/TERRE = LAND, EARTH
Terrestrial = related to land, earthly
X celestial, heavenly
Terrain = landscape
TREM/TREP = SHAKE, FEAR
Tremulous = unsteady, quivering, trembling, quavering, shaky, wobbly, timid
X steady
Trepidation = fear, consternation, anxiety, apprehension, concern, foreboding, unease
Intrepid = fearless, valiant, gallant, brave, mettlesome, bold, courageous
TESTA = WITNESS
Testimonial = evidence, memorial, testament, shrine, tribute
Testify = confirm, give evidence, bear witness, swear, show, bear out
Vindication = justification, proof, evidence, exoneration, absolution, acquittal
X conviction
Vindicate = support, defend, assert, prove, justify, claim
Vindictive = seeking revenge, spiteful, malicious, bitter, mean, cruel
Testator = man who writes wills
Testatrix = woman who writes wills
THENATOS = DEATH
Thenatophobia = necrophobia, fear of death
Thei/Theo = God, religion
Theophobia = fear of god
Theocracy = A political unit governed by a deity (or by officials thought to be divinely guided)
Pantheist = believing that god exists everywhere
THERM = HEAT
Thermostat = A device for automatically regulating temperature by starting or stopping the supply of heat
TIM = FEAR
Timid = coward, nervous, shy, fearful, timorous, hesitant, apprehensive
Intimidate = frighten, bully, cow, scare, threaten, daunt, coerce
TOME = CUT/SLICE
Epitome = essence, personification, embodiment, quintessence, archetype
Tomicide = destruction of books
Menticide = brain wash
TOPOS = PLACE
Utopia = imaginary, ideal place;
TORP = STIFF
Torpid = lazy, stagnant, languorous
Torpor = dullness, inactivity, indolence, inertia, languor
Turpitude = lack of morals, depravity
TORS/TORT = TWIST
Distort = twisted, misrepresent, deform,
twist, warp, alter, disfigure
X straighten
Tortuous = convoluted, winding, twisted,
meandering, circuitous, indirect
X straight
Retort = reply angrily, answer back,
comeback, rejoin, (2) a vessel where substances are distilled or decomposed
Contort = twist, screw up, wrap
Torsion = A twisting force
TOX = POISON
Toxic= poisonous, noxious, venomous,
deadly, lethal, contaminated
X harmless
Intoxication = A temporary state resulting
from excessive consumption of alcohol, drunkenness, tipsiness, inebriation
Intoxicant = alcohol, able to intoxicate
TRACT = DRAW, PULL
Distract = draw attention out, divert, perturb,
sidetrack, unhinge
Protract = draw out, prolong, extend, extend,
spin out, drag out
Intractable = stubborn, obdurate, obstinate,
pig-headed, difficult, willful, inflexible
X easy going
Traduce = speak unfavorably about,
badmouth, malign, criticize
TRANS = BEYOND
Transient = fleeting, passing, temporary,
momentary, transitory, short lived, ephemeral, brief
Transgress = lapse, sin, misbehave, disobey, go astray, contravene, break the rules, go wrong
Transcend = exceed, surpass, go beyond,
outdo, go above, excel
X trail
Translucent = semi-transparent
X opaque
Transfix = fascinate, mesmerize, engross,
hypnotize, spellbind, grip, hold, rivet
Transmute = change, alter, transform, metamorphose
Transpire = come to light, emerge, be revealed, become known/apparent/obvious,
(2) Give off (water) through the skin,
(3) Come about, happen, or occur
TRUD/TRUS = THRUST, PUSH
Protrude = jut, extend beyond, project, stick out, overhang, obtrude, bulge out, pop out, come out
Protuberance = swelling, bulge, bump, lump,
knob, protrusion, distension, flange
outcropping, extension
TUIT = WATCH OVER
Intuition = instinct, perception, sixth sense,
hunch, insight, feeling, suspicion
TURB = SHAKE, MOVE
Perturb = disturb, trouble, bother, agitate,
worry, upset, be a problem for you
Imperturbable = calm, cool, unflappable, in
control, composed, steady, serene, tranquil
Turbid = muddy, dirty, murky, opaque,
cloudy, thick
X clear
Turpitude = A corrupt or depraved or
degenerate act or practice, depravity
Turgid = Ostentatiously lofty in style,
pompous, bombastic, swollen
Turbulent = confused, unstable, disordered, chaotic, tumultuous, in turmoil, agitated
X orderly
UMBR = SHADE, SHADOW
Umbrage = angry, offence, resentment, bitterness, indignation, pique, insulted
Penumbra = partial shade, obscurity, uncertainty, cloudiness
Umbrageous = Filled with shade, (2) Angered at something unjust or wrong
Adumbrate = to give incomplete idea of future events, outline, sketch, intimate, insinuate
UNDA = WAVE
Abundance = profuse, plenty
X scarcity
Redundant = superfluous, outmoded, disused, surplus, unneeded, unnecessary, uncalled-for
Undulate = roll, ripple, rise and fall, swell, heave, surge, move like a wave
Inundate = flood, overwhelm, submerge, swamp, deluge, engulf
Adulation = praise, reverence, admiration, worship, adoration, exaltation
UN/UNI = ONE
Unanimity = agreement, harmony, accord, union,
X discord
Unilateral = one-sided, independent
X joint
Unify = amalgamate, combine, coalesce, fuse, merge, bring together, join
Unison = accord, harmony, agreement, unity
X discord
URB = CITY
Urbane = sophisticated, polished, refined, cultured, elegant, refined, gentle, suave, stylish, debonair
VAC = EMPTY
Vacant = empty, available, unoccupied, free
X occupied
Evacuate = vacate, empty, abandon, withdraw from, leave, relinquish
Vacuous = empty-headed, blank, stupid, unintelligent, inane, dim
X bright
Vacuity = blankness, emptiness, void, space, nothingness, vacuum
Vacillation = indecisive, irresolute, hesitancy, wavering, fluctuation, uncertainty
X resolution
VAD/VAS = GO
Invade = attack, raid, assault, overrun, plague, march into, occupy
Evade = avoid, elude, dodge, escape, skirt
Evasive = elusive, slippery, equivocal, ambiguous, cagey, hard to pin down, vague
VAG = WANDER
Vagrant = Vagabond, nomadic, itinerant, homeless person, beggar, tramp, drifter, hobo
Vagary = a sudden desire, whim, impulse, caprice,
VAIL/VAL = VALUE, STRENGTH
Avail = benefit, advantage, reward, gain,
purpose
Valour = The qualities of a hero or heroine; exceptional or heroic courage when facing danger (especially in battle), strength, courage, bravery, gallantry, heroism,
Valiant = brave, courageous, heroic, noble, intrepid, bold, gallant
Convalescence = period of recovery, recuperation, restoration
Valetudinarian = Weak or sickly person especially one morbidly concerned with his or her health
VAN = FRONT
Vanguard = forefront, precursor, forerunner, advance guard, front, frontline
Avant-garde = Artists or writers whose ideas are ahead of their time, ultramodern, activist, forward-thinking, advanced, ahead-of-time, way-out, far-out, futuristic
VEN/VENT/VENI = COME
Contravene = breach, flout, disobey, break, disregard
X observe
Intervene = interfere, arbitrate, meditate, intercede, get involved
Conventional = Traditional, usual, straight, predictable, conformist, conservative, square
X activist
Prevent = stop, put off, avert, avoid, foil, thwart
Advent = arrival, dawn, initiation
X departure
Adventitious = unexpected, accidental
Circumvent = thwart, avoid, dodge, get around
Vintner = Someone who makes and sells wine
VER = TRUTH
Veracity = trueness, genuineness, sincerity, actuality, authenticity
Aver = avow, state, affirm, declare, profess
Verisimilitude = The appearance of truth; the quality of seeming to be true
Simile = comparison
Verve = zeal, spirit, vigor, dynamism, vitality
Vertex = summit, pinnacle, zenith, acme
VERT/VERS = TO TURN
Revert = go back to previous state, relapse, slip back, regress
Avert = avoid, elude, ward off, prevent, fore stall, turn aside/off/away
Subvert = sabotage, weaken, undermine, destroy, destabilize, threaten
Vertigo = dizziness, giddiness, lightheadedness, unsteadiness
Versatile = multipurpose, flexible, adaptable, resourceful, multitalented,
all-around,
X limited
VIA = WAY
Trivial = unimportant
Viand = dish, a choice of delicious dish
VICT/VINC/VANQ = CONQUER
Victor = winner, champion, conqueror, defeater, beater, vanquisher
X dark horse
Invincible = undefeatable, unconquerable, unbeatable, unshakable, indomitable, unassailable, insuperable, indestructible
Vanquish = conquer, subjugate, defeat, crush, annihilate, subdue, overcome, rout
VID/VIS = TO SEE
Vision = dream, hallucination, apparition, idea
Vista = view, panorama, outlook, scene, landscape, seascape
Visage = face, countenance, features, facade, mug
Evidence = proof, conformation, substantiation, indication
Supervise = oversee, manage, administer, control, organize, take charge of
Viscid = sticky, having the properties of glue
Viscous = thick, sticky, gummy, glutinous,
gelatinous, gluey, tacky
VITA/VIVA = LIFE, ALIVE
Vivid = lively, bright, glowing, brilliant, colorful, stunning, flamboyant, dramatic
Convivial = warm, welcoming, hospitable, friendly, genial, cordial
X unfriendly
Vivacious = lively, bubbly, cheerful, spirited, energetic, chirpy, effervescent,
full of life
Vitality = energy, vivacity, liveliness, strength, animation, verve
VOC/VOCA/VOK = CALL, WORD
Equivocal = vague, ambiguous, ambivalent, unclear, oblique, evasive
X clear
Invoke = cite, bring to play, call upon/up
Vociferous = vocal, loud, determined, enthusiastic, clamorous, boisterous, noisy, voluble, raucous, strident
Vocation = profession, career, job, occupation, work, trade, craft, art
Avocation = hobby, an auxiliary activity
VOL = FREE WILL, WISH
Volition = wish, will, choice, desire, decision, preference, option
X coercion
Benevolent = munificent, kind, caring, generous, benign, compassionate, giving
X malevolent
Malevolent = malicious, spiteful, wicked, nasty, mean
Voluble = vociferous, fluent, inarticulate, verbose, talkative, garrulous
VOR = EATING
Voracious = insatiable, greedy, hungry, ravenous, gluttonous, rapacious
Grassivore = grass eating
Herbivore
Carnivore = flesh eating
Omnivore = both herbivore and carnivore
Frugivore = fruit eating
Devour = eat greedily, gulp, rapacious, consume, demolish, get through, overcome
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