Who/sde/wsh/03. 04/76
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- Bu səhifədəki naviqasiya:
- Acknowledgements
- Acronyms and abbreviations used in the text
During the preparation of health criteria documents and at experts meetings, careful consideration was given to information available in previous risk assessments carried out by the International Programme on Chemical Safety, in its Environmental Health Criteria monographs and Concise International Chemical Assessment Documents, the International Agency for Research on Cancer, the joint FAO/WHO Meetings on Pesticide Residues and the joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (which evaluates contaminants such as lead, cadmium, nitrate and nitrite, in addition to food additives).
Further up-to-date information on the GDWQ and the process of their development is available on the WHO internet site and in the current edition of the GDWQ.
Barium in Drinking-water, Background document for development of WHO Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality, is an update of the background document published in the second edition of the Guidelines. The update was prepared by Mr J.K. Fawell and Mr R. Mascarenhas, United Kingdom, to whom special thanks are due.
The work of the following working group coordinators was crucial in the development of this document and others in the third edition:
Mr J.K. Fawell, United Kingdom (Organic and inorganic constituents) Dr E. Ohanian, Environmental Protection Agency, USA (Disinfectants and disinfection by-products) Ms M. Giddings, Health Canada (Disinfectants and disinfection by-products) Dr P. Toft, Canada (Pesticides) Prof. Y. Magara, Hokkaido University, Japan (Analytical achievability) Mr P. Jackson, WRc-NSF, United Kingdom (Treatment achievability)
The contribution of peer reviewers is greatly appreciated. The draft text was posted on the world wide web for comments from the public. The revised text and the comments were discussed at the Final Task Force Meeting for the third edition of the GDWQ, held on 31 March to 4 April 2003, at which time the present version was finalized. The input of those who provided comments and of participants in the meeting is gratefully reflected in the final text.
The WHO coordinators were as follows: Dr J. Bartram, Coordinator, Water Sanitation and Health Programme, WHO Headquarters, and formerly WHO European Centre for Environmental Health
Mr P. Callan, Water Sanitation and Health Programme, WHO Headquarters Mr H. Hashizume, Water Sanitation and Health Programme, WHO Headquarters
Ms C. Vickers provided a liaison with the International Chemical Safety Programme, WHO Headquarters.
Ms Marla Sheffer of Ottawa, Canada, was responsible for the scientific editing of the document.
Many individuals from various countries contributed to the development of the GDWQ. The efforts of all who contributed to the preparation of this document and in particular those who provided peer or public domain review comment are greatly appreciated.
CAS
Chemical Abstracts Service DNA deoxyribonucleic acid EPA
Environmental Protection Agency (USA) LD 50 median lethal dose LOAEL lowest-observed-adverse-effect level NOAEL no-observed-adverse-effect level TDI
tolerable daily intake USA
United States of America
1. GENERAL DESCRIPTION......................................................................................1 1.1 Identity .................................................................................................................1 1.2 Physicochemical properties .................................................................................1 1.3 Major uses............................................................................................................1 1.4 Environmental fate...............................................................................................1
2. ANALYTICAL METHODS .....................................................................................2 3. ENVIRONMENTAL LEVELS AND HUMAN EXPOSURE..................................2 3.1 Air ........................................................................................................................2 3.2 Water....................................................................................................................2 3.3 Food .....................................................................................................................3 3.4 Estimated total exposure and relative contribution of drinking-water.................3
4. KINETICS AND METABOLISM IN LABORATORY ANIMALS AND HUMANS ......................................................................................................................3
5. EFFECTS ON LABORATORY ANIMALS AND IN VITRO TEST SYSTEMS ....4 5.1 Acute exposure.....................................................................................................4 5.2 Short-term exposure.............................................................................................4 5.3 Long-term exposure .............................................................................................5 5.4 Reproductive and developmental toxicity ...........................................................7 5.5 Mutagenicity and related end-points....................................................................8 5.6 Carcinogenicity ....................................................................................................8
6. EFFECTS ON HUMANS..........................................................................................8 7. GUIDELINE VALUE .............................................................................................10
8. REFERENCES ........................................................................................................11 Yüklə 172,21 Kb. Dostları ilə paylaş:
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