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Week3- morphology Dr. Monira I. Al-MohizeaWord Structure (affix, prefix, suffix)
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səhifə | 2/4 | tarix | 22.03.2024 | ölçüsü | 11,67 Kb. | | #181857 |
| week3-morphology and syntax 0Word Structure (affix, prefix, suffix) - Starting off with the base ‘write’, we can add –ing = writing
- -re +writing (base) + rewriting, etc.
- A base is a unit to which elements can be added in word-formation processes.
- Affix: is a bound morpheme (suffix/prefix) that must be attached to a base. i.e. a morpheme that is not a root?; it is always bound.
- a prefix precedes the base (e.g. prewash)
- if it follows the base it is called a suffix (e.g. writer)
Infix & Circumfix - Infix: common in Austronesian and Austroasiatic languages (e.g. Tagalog, Khmer)
In Tagalog: basa = ‘read’=> b·um·asa ‘read-past’ very rare in English: - E.g. ‘abso·bloody·lutely’
- Circumfix: morphemes having two parts that are placed around a root.
In Dutch: Berg = ’mountain’ => ge·berg·te ‘mountains’. - The base is also referred to as a root.
- But, the root is the rump ‘remainder’ of a word that remains when all the affixes have been stripped away (i.e. it is a nucleus of the word that affixes attach too).
- A base doesn't have to be a bare root. In many cases the base contains a root and one or more affixes; (e.g. rewrite)
- We can form a compound word by combining two bases (words in their own right)
- E.g. Ear+ witness = earwitness
What is a stem? - In forming a word, a lexical base to which inflectional morphemes are attached (e.g. sleep=sleep-s) is called a stem.
Two broad types of Morphemes: Lexical morphs - Lexical morphemes:
- (Known as ‘content words‘)
- Lexical morphemes are nouns, adjectives, verbs and adverbs (NAVA words).
- This has an important consequences for morphology because lexical morphemes belong to an open class which can expand.
- Discuss??
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