5.
PRODUCTION, IMPORT/EXPORT, USE, AND DISPOSAL..........................................................153
5.1 PRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................153
5.2 IMPORT/EXPORT ....................................................................................................................154
5.3 USE ............................................................................................................................................154
5.4 DISPOSAL.................................................................................................................................155
6. POTENTIAL FOR HUMAN EXPOSURE .........................................................................................157
6.1 OVERVIEW...............................................................................................................................157
6.2 RELEASES TO THE ENVIRONMENT...................................................................................159
6.2.1
Air .......................................................................................................................................161
6.2.2
Water...................................................................................................................................163
6.2.3
Soil ......................................................................................................................................164
6.3 ENVIRONMENTAL FATE ......................................................................................................166
6.3.1
Transport and Partitioning...................................................................................................166
6.3.2
Transformation and Degradation ........................................................................................170
6.3.2.1
Air ................................................................................................................................170
6.3.2.2
Water............................................................................................................................170
6.3.2.3
Sediment and Soil ........................................................................................................171
6.4 LEVELS MONITORED OR ESTIMATED IN THE ENVIRONMENT..................................171
6.4.1
Air .......................................................................................................................................172
6.4.2
Water...................................................................................................................................174
6.4.3
Sediment and Soil ...............................................................................................................176
6.4.4
Other Environmental Media................................................................................................182
6.5 GENERAL POPULATION AND OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE ........................................ 185
6.6 EXPOSURES OF CHILDREN..................................................................................................188
6.7 POPULATIONS WITH POTENTIALLY HIGH EXPOSURES ..............................................189
6.8 ADEQUACY OF THE DATABASE ........................................................................................189
6.8.1
Identification of Data Needs ...............................................................................................190
6.8.2
Ongoing Studies..................................................................................................................193
7. ANALYTICAL METHODS................................................................................................................195
7.1 BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS....................................................................................................196
7.2 ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLES ..............................................................................................201
7.3 ADEQUACY OF THE DATABASE ........................................................................................205
7.3.1
Identification of Data Needs ...............................................................................................205
7.3.2
Ongoing Studies..................................................................................................................206
8.
REGULATIONS, ADVISORIES, AND GUIDELINES.....................................................................207
9. REFERENCES ....................................................................................................................................215
10. GLOSSARY ......................................................................................................................................255
APPENDICES
A. ATSDR MINIMAL RISK LEVELS AND WORKSHEETS .............................................................A-1
B. USER’S GUIDE.................................................................................................................................. B-1
C.
ACRONYMS, ABBREVIATIONS, AND SYMBOLS...................................................................... C-1
D. OVERVIEW OF BASIC RADIATION PHYSICS, CHEMISTRY, AND BIOLOGY .....................D-1
E. INDEX................................................................................................................................................. E-1
PLUTONIUM
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