Proceedings of the International rilem conference Materials, Systems and Structures in Civil Engineering 2016

9

International RILEM Conference on Materials, Systems and Structures in Civil Engineering 

Conference segment on Service Life of Cement-Based Materials and Structures 

22-24 August 2016, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark 

 

according to the following reaction: CaO·nSiO

2

·mH

2

O+ Al

2

O

3

·2SiO

2

+2NaOH+kSiO

2

 CaO 

Na

2

O·Al

2

O

3

·(n+2+k)SiO

2

 (m+1)H

2

O (C-N-A-S-H) – phase with the formation of stable in 

volume zeolite-like compounds. That is why a Al

2

O

3

/SiO

2

 ratio can serve as additional 

criterion for prediction of AAR. Above all, metakaolin additive is, similar to silica fume, a 

pozzolanic additive, allowing to bind large quantities of portlandite by low basic  -S-

 

phases. 

 

Thus, as a result of binding the corrosion products into stable phases that do not swell the 

metakaolin additive can provide volume stability of the alkali activated portland cements and 

concretes with alkali susceptible aggregates. A schematic representation of mechanism of 

AAR and measures on its prevention is represented in Fig.4. 

 

Figure 4: Reaction “alkali  susceptible silica   metakaolin”. 

 

 

6. Conclusions 

 

The results of the study suggested to show efficiency of introduction of active alumina in the 

form of metakaolin into cements with the increased contents of alkali, thus allowing to 

regulate structure formation processes in the interfacial transition zone “cement stone   alkali 

susceptible aggregate” in the direction of formation of the alkaline or mixed alkaline-alkaline 

earth aluminosilicate hydration products. Formation of the latter results in the reduction of 

expansion deformations until allowable values or even completely avoiding them.

 

 

 

Acknowledgments

The author would like to acknowledge the contribution of the COST Action TU1404. 

http://www.tu1404.eu/ 

 

 

Na

+

, K

+

, Ca

2+

 

OH  

1 

3 

Al

2

O

3

2SiO

2

 

metakaolin 

Al

2

O

3

2SiO

2

 

 R

2

O(RO) mAl

2

O

3

nSiO

2

kH

2

O 

4 

CaO mSiO

2

nH

2

O 

SiO

2

-amorphous   source 

of amorphous silica  

R

2

O nSiO

2

mH

2

O 

gel 

2 

cement stone 

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10

International RILEM Conference on Materials, Systems and Structures in Civil Engineering 

Conference segment on Service Life of Cement-Based Materials and Structures 

22-24 August 2016, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark 

 

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