APPENDIX 2
Post-Critical Belief Scale (PCBS), Hutsebaut (1996)
Second Naiveté
1. The Bible holds a deeper truth which can only be revealed by personal reflection
2. If you want to understand the meaning of the miracle stories from the Bible, you should always place them in their historical context
6. The Bible is a guide, full of signs in the search for God, and not a historical account
10. Despite the fact that the Bible was written in a completely different historical context from ours, it retains a basic message
12. Because Jesus is mainly a guiding principle for me, my faith in him would not be affected if it would appear that he never actually existed as a historical individual
16. The historical accuracy of the stories from the Bible, is irrelevant for my faith in God
26. Despite the high number of injustices Christianity has caused people, the original message of Christ is still valuable to me
33. I still call myself a Christian, even though a lot of things that I cannot agree with have happened in the past in name of Christianity
Orthodoxy
3. You can only live a meaningful life if you believe
4. God has been defined for once and for all and therefore is immutable
7. Even though this goes against modern rationality, I believe Mary truly was a virgin when she gave birth to Jesus
11. Only the major religious traditions guarantee admittance to God
14. Religion is the one thing that gives meaning to life in all its aspects
17. Ultimately, there is only one correct answer to each religious question
21. Only a priest can give an answer to important religious questions
25. I think that Bible stories should be taken literally, as they are written
External Critique
5. Faith is more of a dream which turns out to be an illusion when one is confronted with the harshness of life
8. Too many people have been oppressed in the name of God in order to still be able to have faith
18. God is only a name for the inexplicable
20. The world of Bible stories is so far removed from us, that it is has little relevance
22. A scientific understanding of human life and the world has made a religious understanding superfluous
27. In the end, faith is nothing more than a safety net for human fears
29. In order to fully understand what religion is all about, you have to be an outsider
30. Faith is an expression of a weak personality
32. Religious faith often is an instrument for obtaining power, and that makes it suspect
Relativism
9. Each statement about God is a result of the time in which it is made
13. Ultimately, religion means commitment without absolute guarantee
15. The manner in which humans experience their relationship to God, will always be coloured by the times they live in
19. Official Church doctrine and other statements about the absolute will always remain relative because they are pronounced by human beings at a certain period of time
23. God grows together with the history of humanity and therefore is changeable
24. I am well aware that my beliefs are only one possibility among so many others
28. Secular and religious conceptions of the world give valuable answers to important questions about life
31. There is no absolute meaning in life, only giving directions, which is different for every one of us
APPENDIX 3
Shortened NEO-PI-R, Costa and McCrae (1978, 1992, 1995)
Neuroticism + keyed
1. Often feel blue
11. Shirk my duties
21. Am often down in the dumps
31. Have frequent mood swings
41. Panic easily
Neuroticism – keyed
6. Am very pleased with myself
16. Am not easily bothered by things
26. Feel comfortable with myself
36. Seldom feel blue
46. Rarely get irritated
Extraversion + keyed
7. Feel comfortable around people
17. Make friends easily
27. Am skilled in handling social situations
37. Am the life of the party
47. Know how to captivate people
Extraversion – keyed
2. Don’t talk a lot
12. Don’t like to draw attention to myself
22. Would describe my experiences as somewhat dull
32. Keep in the background
42. Have little to say
Openness to Experience + keyed
3. Believe in the importance of art
13. Have a vivid imagination
23. Tend to vote for liberal party candidates
33. Carry the conversation to a higher level
43. Enjoy hearing new ideas
Openness to Experience – keyed
8. Tend to vote for conservative political candidates
18. Do not enjoy going to art museums
28. Avoid philosophical discussions
38. Do not like art
48. Am not interested in abstract ideas
Agreeableness + keyed
9. Have a good word for everyone
19. Believe that others have good intentions
29. Respect others
39. Accept people as they are
49. Make people feel at ease
Agreeableness – keyed
4. Insult people
14. Get back at others
24. Suspect hidden motives in others
34. Cut others to pieces
44. Have a sharp tongue
Conscientiousness + keyed
5. Am always prepared
15. Pay attention to details
25. Get chores done right away
35. Carry out my plans
45. Make plans and stick to them
Conscientiousness – keyed
10. Shirk my duties
20. Don’t see things through
30. Do just enough work to get by
40. Find it difficult to get down to work
50. Waste my time
APPENDIX 4
Questionnaire Introduction
Paranormal and Religious Beliefs Questionnaire
Chris Huntley, Psychology – Year 3
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I am conducting research into paranormal and religious beliefs for my third year dissertation project. I would appreciate it if you could complete this questionnaire in full and return to either me or my box by the pigeon holes. This questionnaire is in accordance with BPS Ethical Guidelines.
The responses you give in this questionnaire will remain confidential, and you are only required to give your age and gender.
If you have any problems or questions please do not hesitate to contact me at:
christopher.d.huntley@student.mmu.ac.uk
Thank you very much for your help and time.
Complete as appropriate:
Age:
Circle as appropriate:
Gender
Male Female
Please turn and complete the questionnaires. Thank you.
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