Organizational and Psychological Factors Influencing Creativity in Basic Science

References

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Interviews

David Baltimore, Professor of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and former President of Rockefeller University. Interview in his MIT office, 28 April 1995.

Paul Berg, Professor of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine. Interview in his office, 6 May 2003.

Sir James Black, Emeritus Professor of Chemistry, University College, London. Interview at McGill University, Montreal, 23 September 2004.

Günter Blobel, Professor at Rockefeller University and HHMI investigator. Interview in his office, 12 April 1995; Subsequent interviews in his office, 16 March 2001, 18 March 2001, 21 December 2004.

Konrad Bloch, Higgins Professor Emeritus of Biochemistry, Harvard University. Interview in his office, 25 April 1995.

Baruch S. Blumberg, Professor, Fox Chase Cancer Center (Philadelphia). Interview at Rockefeller Foundation Study Center, Bellagio, Italy, 21 May 1984.

Seymour Benzer, Professor of Biology, California Institute of Technology. Interview in his office, 30 March 1994; second interview at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, New York, 26 August 1995; third interview at Neurosciences Institute, San Diego, California, 17 March 1996; fourth interview in his office, 22 December 1999.

Derek Bok, President Emeritus, Harvard University. Interview in his office, 24 April 1995.

Sydney Brenner, Professor Salk Institute, and Former Director of Laboratory of Molecular Biology (Cambridge, UK). Interview in La Jolla, CA, 7 April 2003.

Erwin Chargaff, Professor Emeritus of Biochemistry, Columbia University. Interview at his home in New York City, 19 November 1993.

Francis Crick, President Emeritus and Distinguished Professor, Salk Institute; former scientist at Cambridge University and at the Laboratory of Molecular Biology. Interview in his office in San Diego, 6 March 1996 and 11 March 1998. Interview at UCSD 6 June 2002.

Thomas C. Dalton, Professor, Cal poly State University, San Luis Obispo, California. Interview by phone 18 November 2004.

Paul Doty, Mallinckrodt Professor Emeritus of Biochemistry, Harvard University. Interview in his office, 3 May 1995. Interview at his home in Cambridge, Massachusetts, 19 December 2002.

Renato Dulbecco, Emeritus President and Distinguished Professor, Salk Institute; Former Professor California Institute of Technology. Interview in his office in San Diego, 23 February 1996. Second interview in his office, 22 May 2000.

Gerald Edelman, Research Director, The Neurosciences Institute, San Diego, California and former Professor and Dean, Rockefeller University. Interviews in Klosters, Switzerland, 17 January 1995, and at Neurosciences Institute, 13 January, 16 January, 19 January, 30 January, 14 February, 20 February, 22 February, 5 March, 16 March, 17 March 1996, 12 February 1998, 4 April, 11 April, 18 November 2000, 1 May 2006. Interview by phone 3 April 2001.

Gertrude Elion, Scientist Emeritus, The Wellcome Research Laboratories, Research Triangle Park. Interview in her office. 17 March 1995.

Manfred Eigen, Professor, Max-Planck Institut fur Biophysikalishe Chemie, Göttingen Germany. Interview in Klosters, Switzerland, 16 January 1995.

Robert Gallo, Chief of the Laboratory of Tumor Cell Biology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland. Interview at University of Wisconsin Union, 13 March 1994. Interview in Bethesda, Maryland, 29 June 1994. Interview in his office 31 August 1994, 4 September 1994, 4 March 1995, 17 November 1995.

Walter Gilbert, Carl M. Loeb University Professor at Harvard University. Interview in Chicago, 14 October 1993. Interview in his office at Harvard University, 26 April 1995.

Paul Greengard, Professor at Rockefeller University. Interview in his office, 16 May 2001.

Ralph Greenspan, Professor of Biology, New York University (1996); Senior Fellow, Neurosciences Institute (1998). Interview at Neurosciences Institute, San Diego, CA. Interviews 16 January 1996, 7 January 1998, 13 March 1998, 11 April 2000, 14 April 2000, 27 May 2005, 1 May 2006.

Roger Guillemin, Professor, Salk Institute. Interview in his office, May 8, 2000.

Stephen C. Harrison, Higgins Professor of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and HHMI Investigator, Harvard University. Interview in his office, 18 December 2002.

Ira Herskowitz, Professor of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco. Interview in his home, 13 February 2003.

David Hubel, Professor Harvard Medical School. Interview in San Diego, California. 13 March 1998.

Tim Hunt, Head of the Cell Cycle Control Laboratory at Cancer Research UK. Interview at his home north of London, 13 May 2006.

Andrew Huxley (Sir). Emeritus Professor of Physiology, University College, London, Former Master of Trinity College, University of Cambridge, and former President of the Royal Society. Interview in his room in Trinity College, 11 July 2000. Interviews at Trinity College, 20 January and 4 March 2002 and 1 February 2006.

Francois Jacob, Senior Scientist, Institut Pasteur. Interview at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, New York, 24 August 1995.

Eric R. Kandel, Director of Center for Neurophysiology and HHMI Investigator, Columbia University School of Physicians and Surgeons, member of Board of Trustees, Rockefeller University. Interview at Columbia University, 19 April 2001.

Aaron Klug, former Director, Laboratory of Molecular Biology (LMB), Cambridge England, President of the Royal Society, Honorary Fellow of Trinity College. Interview by telephone, 24 May 1999. Interview in his office at LMB, 11 July 2000. Interview at Trinity College, Cambridge, 3 April 2002.

Arthur Kornberg, Emeritus Professor of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine (Nobel laureate in Physiology or Medicine, 1959). Interview in his office, 5 May 2003.

Joshua Lederberg, President Emeritus, Rockefeller University. Former Chair, Medical Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine and former Professor of Genetics, University of Wisconsin (Madison). Interviews at Rockefeller University, 16 September 1993, 13 April 1995; interview by telephone 27 August 1999, interviews in his office 25 January 2001, 4 April 2001.

Rita Levi-Montalcini, Professor Emeritus of Biology, Washington University (St. Louis). Interview at her home in Rome, Italy, 15 June 1995.

Arnold Levine, President Rockefeller University. Interview in his office, 14 May 2001.

Richard C. Lewontin. Alexander Agassiz Research Professor, Harvard University. Interview in his office 18 December 2002. Interview at National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 5 December 2005.

William N. Lipscomb, Jr. Professor Emeritus of Chemistry, Harvard University. Interview in his office, 16 December 2002.

Hubert Markl, President, Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften, Munich, Germany, Interview in Bonn, Germany, 9 July 1996; second interview in his office in Munich, 15 June 1998. Interview at Schloss Ringberg in Bavaria, 19 April 2002.

Matthew S. Meselson, Thomas Dudley Cabot Professor of the Natural Sciences, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University. Interview in Los Angeles, 8 February 2003.

Dan Nathans, Professor, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore. Interview in his office, 21 July 1997.

Paul Nurse, President, Rockefeller University. Interview in his office, 23 December 2004.

George Palade, Dean Medical School University of California, San Diego. Also former Professor at Yale University and Rockefeller University. Interviews in his office in San Diego, 7 March 1996, 13 March 1998.

Max Perutz, former Director, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, England. Interview at Peterhouse College 15 March 1997; interview at Laboratory of Molecular Biology, 11 June 1999.

John Polanyi, Professor, University of Toronto. Interview at the Center for Advanced Cultural Studies, Essen Germany, 5 September 2001.

Mark Ptashne, Professor Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center and former Professor and Chair, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harvard University. Interview in his New York City apartment, 24 May 2001.

Lord Rees of Ludlow (Martin Rees), President of the Royal Society of London, Master of Trinity College, Cambridge, Astronomer Royal and Royal Society Research Professor at Cambridge University. Interview at Master’s Lodge, Trinity College, 14 April 2006. Professor of Institute of Astronomy, Fellow of King’s College, Cambridge, Member Board of Trustees Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton. Interview at Trinity College, 30 March 2002.

Henry Rosovsky, Former Dean, College of Arts and Sciences, Harvard University. Telephone interview, 2 May 1995.

Solomon Snyder, Professor and Director of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University. Interview in his office 18 July 1997.

Charles Stevens, Professor, Salk Institute. Interview in his office, 13 December 2000.

Jack Strominger, Professor of Biochemistry, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University. Interview in his office, 16 December 2002.

Howard Temin, Professor in McArdle Cancer Laboratory, University of Wisconsin (Madison). Interview at McArdle Cancer Laboratory, 26 November 1993.

Harold Varmus, Director of the National Institutes of Health and former Professor at University of California, San Francisco. Interview in his office, Bethesda, Maryland, 6 March 1995.

Bert Vogelstein, Professor of Oncology and HHMI investigator, Johns Hopkins University. Interview in his office 18 July 1997.

James D. Watson, Director, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, New York. Interview at Cold Spring Harbor, 24 August 1995, and at Neurosciences Institute, San Diego, 20 February 1996.

Torsten N. Wiesel, President, Rockefeller University. Interviews in his office, 14 April 1995, 14 July 1997, 7 February 2001, 4 May 2001, 25 May 2001.

Edward O. Wilson, Pellegrino University Professor and Curator of Entomology, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University. Interviews in his office, 4 May 1995, 17 December 2002.

Ernst-Ludwig Winnacker, President Deutsche Forschungsgemainschaft. Interview in Max Planck Institute for Study of Societies, Köln, Germany, 1997. Interview at Schloss Ringberg in Bavaria, 19 April 2002.

Kurt Wüthrich, Professor of Bio-physics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) (Switzerland). Interview in his office, 12 December 1994.

Anton Zeilinger, Ordentlicher Universitätsprofessor of Experimental Physics, University of Vienna and Co-director, Institute of Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, IQOQI, Austrian Academy of Sciences. Interview 25 March 2005. Interview over dinner in Vienna, 3 April 2006.