Nukus state pedagogical institute named after ajiniyaz foreign languages faculty

Conclusion
In conclusion we can say that a true picture of the period must also take into account the enormous effect of social and political upheavals during the early and middle parts of the century. In England, where the literary history of the period is usually divided into two parts, the break seems to fall naturally with the outbreak of the Civil War (1642–51), marked by a closure of the theatres in 1642, and a new age beginning with the restoration of the monarchy in 1660. In France the bitter internecine struggle of the Fronde (1648–53) similarly divided the century and preceded possibly the greatest period of all French literature—the age of Molière, Racine, Boileau, and La Fontaine.
It is clear het in Germany the early part of the century was dominated by the religious and political conflicts of the Thirty Years’ War (1618–48) and thereafter by the attempts of German princes to emulate the central power and splendour of Louis XIV’s French court at Versailles. The Netherlands was also involved in the first part of the century in a struggle for independence from Spain (the Eighty Years’ War, 1568–1648) that resulted not only in the achievement of this but also in the “Golden Age” of Dutch poetry—that of Henric Spieghel, Daniël Heinsius, and Gerbrand Bredero.
The civil, political, and religious conflicts that dominated the first half of the century were in many ways also the characteristic response of the Counter-Reformation. The pattern of religious conflict was reflected in literary forms and preoccupations. One reaction to this—seen particularly in Italy, Germany, and Spain but also in France and England—was the development of a style in art and literature known as Baroque. This development manifested itself most characteristically in the works of Giambattista Marino in Italy, Luis de Góngora in Spain, and Martin Opitz in Germany. Long regarded by many critics as decadent, Baroque literature is now viewed in a more favourable light and is understood to denote a style the chief characteristics of which are elaboration and ornament, the use of allegory, rhetoric, and daring artifice.
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