Novel blood pressure locus and gene discovery using gwas and expression datasets from blood and the kidney

CONTRIBUTIONS / ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS

Secondary analyses

Design of secondary analyses: L.V.W., G.B.E, M.J.C., H.Snieder, M.D.T , R.Joehanes, A.V., R.Jansen, A.V., J.K., P.O.R., A.P.M., C.P.C. Computation of secondary analysis: L.V.W., G.B.E., A.P.M., M.E., T.B., L.Lin, R.Joehanes, A.V., P.J.v.d.M., R.Jansen, C.P.C.

Discovery

WGHS : Study phenotyping: P.M.R. Genotyping or analysis: D.I.C., L.M.R. Study PI: D.I.C., P.M.R.

RS : Study phenotyping: G.C.V. Genotyping or analysis: G.C.V., A.G.U. Study PI: O.H.F., A.Hofman, A.G.U.

NTR : Study phenotyping: E.J.d.G., G.W. Genotyping or analysis: J.J.H., E.J.d.G., G.W. Study PI: D.I.B., E.J.d.G.

STR : Study phenotyping: E.I. Genotyping or analysis: R.J.S., M.Frånberg Study PI: E.I., A.Hamsten

EGCUT : Genotyping or analysis: T.E. Study PI: A.Metspalu

ARIC : Genotyping or analysis: D.E.A., A.C.M., P.N. Study PI: A.Chakravarti

FHS : Study phenotyping: D.L. Genotyping or analysis: S.J.H. Study PI: D.L.

MESA : Study phenotyping: J.I.R. Genotyping or analysis: W.P., X.G., J.I.R., J.Y. Study PI: W.P.

B58C : Study phenotyping: D.P.S. Genotyping or analysis: D.P.S. Study PI: D.P.S.

COLAUS : Study phenotyping: P.V. Genotyping or analysis: M.Bochud, Z.K. Study PI: P.V.

PROSPER : Study phenotyping: J.W.J., D.J.S. Genotyping or analysis: S.Trompet, J.D. Study PI: J.W.J.

BHS : Study phenotyping: A.James Genotyping or analysis: N.Shrine, J.H., J.B.

SHIP : Study phenotyping: M.D. Genotyping or analysis: A.T., M.D., U.V. Study PI: R.R.

KORA S4 : Genotyping or analysis: J.S.R. Study PI: A.Peters

CHS : Study phenotyping: B.M.P. Genotyping or analysis: J.C.B., K.R., K.D.T. Study PI: B.M.P.

AGES-Reykjavik : Genotyping or analysis: A.V.S. Study PI: V.Gudnason, T.B.H., L.J.L.

ERF : Study phenotyping: C.M.v.D., B.A.O. Genotyping or analysis: N.A. Study PI: C.M.v.D., B.A.O.

NESDA : Study phenotyping: B.W.J.H.P. Genotyping or analysis: I.M.N., Y.M. Study PI: H.Snieder, B.W.J.H.P.

YFS : Study phenotyping: T.L., M.K., O.T.R. Genotyping or analysis: T.L., L.P.L., M.K., O.T.R. Study PI: T.L., M.K., O.T.R.

EPIC : Genotyping or analysis: N.J.W. Study PI: J.H.Z.

ASPS : Study phenotyping: R.Schmidt Genotyping or analysis: H.Schmidt, E.H., Y.S., R.Schmidt Study PI: H.Schmidt, R.Schmidt

ORCADES : Study phenotyping: J.F.W., H.C., S.W. Genotyping or analysis: J.F.W., P.K.J., S.W. Study PI: J.F.W.

FINRISK (COROGENE_CTRL) : Study phenotyping: P.J. Genotyping or analysis: K.K., A.P.S. Study PI: M.P., P.J.

INGI-VB : Study phenotyping: C.F.S. Genotyping or analysis: M.T., C.M.B., C.F.S. Study PI: D.T.

FINRISK_PREDICT_CVD : Study phenotyping: V.S., A.S.H. Study PI: V.S., A.Palotie, S.R.

TRAILS : Study phenotyping: H.R. Genotyping or analysis: P.J.v.d.M. Study PI: C.A.H., A.J.O.

PROCARDIS : Study phenotyping: A.G. Genotyping or analysis: A.G. Study PI: H.W., M.Farrall

HABC : Study phenotyping: Y.Liu, T.B.H. Genotyping or analysis: M.A.N. Study PI: Y.Liu, T.B.H.

KORA S3 : Study phenotyping: C.G. Genotyping or analysis: S.S., C.G., E.O. Study PI: M.Laan

INGI-FVG : Genotyping or analysis: D.V., M.Brumat, M.Cocca Study PI: P.G.

Fenland : Study phenotyping: R.A.S., J.a.L., C.L., N.J.W. Genotyping or analysis: R.A.S., J.a.L., C.L., N.J.W. Study PI: R.A.S., C.L., N.J.W.

MICROS : Genotyping or analysis: A.A.H., F.D.G.M., A.S.P. Study PI: F.D.G.M., P.P.P.

HTO : Study phenotyping: B.D.K. Genotyping or analysis: B.D.K., K.L.A., C.Mamasoula Study PI: B.D.K., H.J.C.

MIGEN : Study phenotyping: R.E., J.Marrugat, S.Kathiresan, D.S. Genotyping or analysis: R.E., S.Kathiresan, D.S. Study PI: S.Kathiresan

ULSAM : Study phenotyping: V.Giedraitis, E.I. Genotyping or analysis: A.P.M., A.Mahajan Study PI: A.P.M., V.Giedraitis, E.I.

Cilento study : Study phenotyping: R.Sorice Genotyping or analysis: D.R., T.Nutile Study PI: M.Ciullo

LBC1936 : Study phenotyping: I.J.D., A.J.G. Genotyping or analysis: L.M.L., G.D., A.J.G. Study PI: I.J.D.

H2000_CTRL : Study phenotyping: T.Niiranen Study PI: P.K., A.Jula, S.Koskinen

NSPHS : Genotyping or analysis: S.E., Å.J. Study PI: U.G.

FUSION : Genotyping or analysis: A.U.J. Study PI: J.T., M.Boehnke, F.C.

GRAPHIC : Study phenotyping: N.J.S., P.S.B., M.D.T. Genotyping or analysis: C.P.N., P.S.B., M.D.T. Study PI: N.J.S.

CROATIA_Vis : Study phenotyping: I.R. Genotyping or analysis: V.V., J.E.H. Study PI: V.V., I.R.

PIVUS : Study phenotyping: L.Lind, J.S. Genotyping or analysis: C.M.L., A.Mahajan Study PI: C.M.L., L.Lind, J.S.

LOLIPOP : Study phenotyping: J.S.K., J.C.C. Genotyping or analysis: J.S.K., W.Z., J.C.C., B.L. Study PI: J.S.K., J.C.C.

CROATIA_Korcula : Genotyping or analysis: C.H., J.Marten Study PI: C.H., A.F.W.

INGI-CARL : Study phenotyping: G.G. Genotyping or analysis: I.G., A.Morgan, A.R.

LBC1921 : Study phenotyping: J.M.S., A.Pattie Genotyping or analysis: J.M.S., S.E.H., D.C.M.L., A.Pattie Study PI: J.M.S.

CROATIA_SPLIT : Study phenotyping: O.P., I.K. Genotyping or analysis: O.P., T.Z. Study PI: O.P.

BioMe (formerly IPM) : Genotyping or analysis: Y.Lu Study PI: R.J.F.L., E.P.B.

Replication

UKB-BP : Genotyping or analysis: H.R.W., M.R.B., C.P.C., E.E., H.G., B.M., M.R., I.T. Study PI: P.E., M.J.C.

GoDARTS : Study phenotyping: C.N.A.P., A.S.F.D. Genotyping or analysis: C.N.A.P., N.Shah Study PI: C.N.A.P., A.D.M.

Lifelines : Study phenotyping: M.H.d.B. Genotyping or analysis: M.S. Study PI: P.v.d.H.

TwinsUK : Study phenotyping: C.Menni Genotyping or analysis: M.M., C.Menni Study PI: T.D.S.

Airwave Health Monitoring Study : Genotyping or analysis: A.C.V., E.E., H.G., I.T. Study PI: E.E.

The UK Household Longitudinal Study (UKHLS) : Genotyping or analysis: B.P.P. Study PI: E.Z.

Generation Scotland (GS:SFHS) : Study phenotyping: S.P. Genotyping or analysis: C.H., A.Campbell

JUPITER : Study phenotyping: P.M.R. Genotyping or analysis: D.I.C., L.M.R., F.G., P.M.R. Study PI: D.I.C., P.M.R.

NEO : Study phenotyping: R.d.M. Genotyping or analysis: D.O.M.K., R.L.G. Study PI: R.d.M.

Three City-Dijon : Study phenotyping: S.D., C.T. Genotyping or analysis: G.C. Study PI: S.D., C.T.

ASCOT-UK : Study phenotyping: P.S., N.P. Genotyping or analysis: P.B.M., H.R.W. Study PI: P.B.M., P.S., N.P., M.J.C.

ASCOT-SC : Study phenotyping: S.Thom, M.J.C. Genotyping or analysis: D.C.S., A.S., H.R.W., P.B.M. Study PI: S.Thom, M.J.C., P.B.M.

Hunter Community Study : Study phenotyping: R.Scott Genotyping or analysis: C.O., E.G.H. Study PI: A.John

GAPP : Study phenotyping: D.C. Genotyping or analysis: D.C., S.Thériault, G.P. Study PI: D.C.

BRIGHT : Study phenotyping: M.Brown, J.C. Genotyping or analysis: M.Farrall, P.B.M., H.R.W. Study PI: M.Brown, J.C., M.Farrall, P.B.M., M.J.C.

Resources for secondary analyses

eQTL NESDA NTR : Design of secondary analysis: R.Jansen Computation of secondary analysis: D.I.B., R.Jansen, B.W.J.H.P. Study PI: D.I.B., B.W.J.H.P.

eQTL kidney : Study phenotyping: J.J.D., M.A.S. Genotyping or analysis: P.J.v.d.M. Study PI: H.Snieder

eQTL BIOS : Design of secondary analysis: R.Jansen Computation of secondary analysis: R.Jansen Study PI: R.Jansen

SABRe : Study phenotyping: Y.D., P.J.M., Q.T.N. Genotyping or analysis: R.Joehanes Design of secondary analysis: D.L. Study PI: D.L.

ICBP-Steering Committee

G.A., M.J.C., A.Chakravarti, D.I.C., G.B.E., P.E., T.F., M.R.J., A.D.J., M.Larson, D.L., A.P.M., P.B.M., C.N.C., P.O.R., W.P., B.M.P., K.R., A.V.S., H.Snieder, M.D.T., C.M.v.D., L.V.W., H.R.W.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

This research used the ALICE and SPECTRE High Performance Computing Facilities at the University of Leicester. G.B.E is supported by Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva University, de Reuter Foundation, the Swiss National Foundation project FN 33CM30-124087, and the “Fondation pour Recherches Médicales”, Geneva.

Airwave: We thank all participants of the Airwave Health Monitoring Study. The study is funded by the UK Home Office, (Grant number 780-TETRA) with additional support from the National Institute for Health Research Imperial College Health Care NHS Trust and Imperial College Biomedical Research Centre.

ARIC: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study is carried out as a collaborative study supported by National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute contracts (HHSN268201100005C, HHSN268201100006C, HHSN268201100007C, HHSN268201100008C, HHSN268201100009C, HHSN268201100010C, HHSN268201100011C, and HHSN268201100012C), R01HL087641, R01HL59367 and R01HL086694; National Human Genome Research Institute contract U01HG004402; and National Institutes of Health contract HHSN268200625226C. Funding support for the Genetic Epidemiology of Causal Variants Across the Life Course (CALiCo) program was provided through the NHGRI PAGE program (U01 HG007416). The authors thank the staff and participants of the ARIC study for their important contributions. The authors thank the staff and participants of the ARIC study for their important contributions.

ASCOT: This work was supported by Pfizer, New York, NY, USA, for the ASCOT study and the collection of the ASCOT DNA repository; by Servier Research Group, Paris, France; and by Leo Laboratories, Copenhagen, Denmark. We thank all ASCOT trial participants, physicians, nurses, and practices in the participating countries for their important contribution to the study. In particular we thank Clare Muckian and David Toomey for their help in DNA extraction, storage, and handling. This work forms part of the research programme of the NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit at Barts

ASPS: The research reported in this article was funded by the Austrian Science Fond (FWF) grant number P20545-P05 and P13180. The Medical University of Graz supports the databank of the ASPS. The authors thank the staff and the participants of the ASPS for their valuable contributions. The authors thank Birgit Reinhart for her long-term administrative commitment and Ing Johann Semmler for the technical assistance at creating the DNA bank. 

BRIGHT: This work was supported by the Medical Research Council of Great Britain (grant number G9521010D); and by the British Heart Foundation (grant number PG/02/128). The BRIGHT study is extremely grateful to all the patients who participated in the study and the BRIGHT nursing team. This work forms part of the research programme of the NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit at Barts.

B58C: We acknowledge use of phenotype and genotype data from the British 1958 Birth Cohort DNA collection, funded by the Medical Research Council grant G0000934 and the Wellcome Trust grant 068545/Z/02. Genotyping for the B58C-WTCCC subset was funded by the Wellcome Trust grant 076113/B/04/Z. The B58C-T1DGC genotyping utilized resources provided by the Type 1 Diabetes Genetics Consortium, a collaborative clinical study sponsored by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), and Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation International (JDRF) and supported by U01 DK062418. B58C-T1DGC GWAS data were deposited by the Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), University of Cambridge, which is funded by Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation International, the Wellcome Trust and the National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre; the CIMR is in receipt of a Wellcome Trust Strategic Award (079895). The B58C-GABRIEL genotyping was supported by a contract from the European Commission Framework Programme 6 (018996) and grants from the French Ministry of Research.

CHS: This CHS research was supported by NHLBI contracts HHSN268201200036C, HHSN268200800007C, N01HC55222, N01HC85079, N01HC85080, N01HC85081, N01HC85082, N01HC85083, N01HC85086, HHSN268200960009C; and NHLBI grants U01HL080295, R01HL087652, R01HL105756, R01HL103612, R01HL120393, and R01HL130114 with additional contribution from the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS). Additional support was provided through R01AG023629 from the National Institute on Aging (NIA). A full list of principal CHS investigators and institutions can be found at CHS-NHLBI.org. The provision of genotyping data was supported in part by the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, CTSI grant UL1TR000124, and the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease Diabetes Research Center (DRC) grant DK063491 to the Southern California Diabetes Endocrinology Research Center. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.

Cilento study: The Cilento study was supported by the Italian Ministry of Education Universities and Research (Interomics Flagship Project, PON03PE_00060_7), FP6 (Vasoplus-037254), the Assessorato Ricerca Regione Campania, the Fondazione con il SUD (2011-PDR-13), and the Istituto Banco di Napoli - Fondazione to MC. We address special thanks to the populations of Cilento for their participation in the study.

COLAUS: The CoLaus study was and is supported by research grants from GlaxoSmithKline (GSK), the Faculty of Biology and Medicine of Lausanne, and the Swiss National Science Foundation (grants 3200B0-105993, 3200B0- 118308, 33CSCO-122661, and 33CS30-139468). We thank all participants, involved physicians and study nurses to the CoLaus cohort.

COROGENE_CTRL: This study has been funded by the Academy of Finland (grant numbers 139635, 129494, 118065, 129322, 250207), the Orion-Farmos Research Foundation, the Finnish Foundation for Cardiovascular Research, and the Sigrid Jusélius Foundation. We are grateful for the THL DNA laboratory for its skillful work to produce the DNA samples used in this study. We thank the Sanger Institute genotyping facilities for genotyping the samples.

CROATIA Studies: The CROATIA-Vis, CROATIA-Korcula and CROATIA-Split studies in the Croatian islands of Vis and Korcula and mainland city of Split were supported by grants from the Medical Research Council (UK); the Ministry of Science, Education, and Sport of the Republic of Croatia (grant number 216-1080315-0302); the European Union framework program 6 European Special Populations Research Network project (contract LSHG-CT-2006-018947), the European Union framework program 7 project BBMRI-LPC (FP7 313010) and the Croatian Science Foundation (grant 8875). The CROATIA studies would like to acknowledge the invaluable contributions of the recruitment teams (including those from the Institute of Anthropological Research in Zagreb) in Vis, Korcula and Split, the administrative teams in Croatia and Edinburgh, and the people of Vis, Korcula and Split. SNP genotyping of the CROATIA-Vis samples was carried out by the Genetics Core Laboratory at the Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility, WGH, Edinburgh, Scotland. SNP genotyping for CROATIA-Korcula was performed by Helmholtz ZentrumMünchen, GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany. The SNP genotyping for the CROATIA-Split cohort was performed by AROS Applied Biotechnology, Aarhus, Denmark.

ERF: The ERF study as a part of EUROSPAN (European Special Populations Research Network) was supported by European Commission FP6 STRP grant number 018947 (LSHG-CT-2006-01947) and also received funding from the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013)/grant agreement HEALTH-F4-2007-201413 by the European Commission under the programme "Quality of Life and Management of the Living Resources" of 5th Framework Programme (no. QLG2-CT-2002-01254). High-throughput analysis of the ERF data was supported by a joint grant from the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research and the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (NWO-RFBR 047.017.043). Exome sequencing analysis in ERF was supported by the ZonMw grant (project 91111025). Najaf Amin is supported by the Netherlands Brain Foundation (project number F2013(1)-28). We are grateful to all study participants and their relatives, general practitioners and neurologists for their contributions and to P. Veraart for her help in genealogy, J. Vergeer for the supervision of the laboratory work and P. Snijders for his help in data collection.

Fenland: JAL, CL, RAS and NJW acknowledge support from the Medical Research Council (MC_U106179471 and MC_UU_12015/1) The Fenland Study is funded by the Wellcome Trust and the Medical Research Council (MC_U106179471). We are grateful to all the volunteers for their time and help, and to the General Practitioners and practice staff for assistance with recruitment. We thank the Fenland Study Investigators, Fenland Study Co-ordination team and the Epidemiology Field, Data and Laboratory teams. We further acknowledge support from the Medical research council (MC_UU_12015/1).

FHS: The National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute’s Framingham Heart Study is supported by contract N01-HC-25195

FINRISK_PREDICT_CVD: This study has been funded by the Academy of Finland (grant numbers 139635, 129494, 118065, 129322, 250207, 269517), the Orion-Farmos Research Foundation, the Finnish Foundation for Cardiovascular Research, and the Sigrid Jusélius Foundation. We are grateful for the THL DNA laboratory for its skillful work to produce the DNA samples used in this study. We thank the Sanger Institute genotyping facilities for genotyping the samples.

FUSION: Support for FUSION was provided by NIH grants R01-DK062370 (to M.B.) and intramural project number ZIA-HG000024 (to F.S.C.). Genome-wide genotyping was conducted by the Johns Hopkins University Genetic Resources Core Facility SNP Center at the Center for Inherited Disease Research (CIDR), with support from CIDR NIH contract no. N01-HG-65403.

GAPP study: The GAPP study was supported by the Liechtenstein Government, the Swiss National Science Foundation, the Swiss Heart Foundation, the Swiss Society of Hypertension, the University of Basel, the University Hospital Basel, the Hanela Foundation, Schiller AG and Novartis.

GS:SFHS: Generation Scotland received core support from the Chief Scientist Office of the Scottish Government Health Directorates [CZD/16/6] and the Scottish Funding Council [HR03006]. Genotyping of the GS:SFHS samples was carried out by the Genetics Core Laboratory at the Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility, Edinburgh, Scotland and was funded by the Medical Research Council UK and the Wellcome Trust (Wellcome Trust Strategic Award “STratifying Resilience and Depression Longitudinally” (STRADL) Reference 104036/Z/14/Z). Ethics approval for the study was given by the NHS Tayside committee on research ethics (reference 05/S1401/89). We are grateful to all the families who took part, the general practitioners and the Scottish School of Primary Care for their help in recruiting them, and the whole Generation Scotland team, which includes interviewers, computer and laboratory technicians, clerical workers, research scientists, volunteers, managers, receptionists, healthcare assistants and nurses.

GoDARTS: GoDARTS was funded by The Wellcome Trust (072960/Z/03/Z, 084726/Z/08/Z, 084727/Z/08/Z, 085475/Z/08/Z, 085475/B/08/Z) and as part of the EU IMI-SUMMIT program. We acknowledge the support of the Health Informatics Centre, University of Dundee for managing and supplying the anonymised data and NHS Tayside, the original data owner. We are grateful to all the participants who took part in the Go-DARTS study, to the general practitioners, to the Scottish School of Primary Care for their help in recruiting the participants, and to the whole team, which includes interviewers, computer and laboratory technicians, clerical workers, research scientists, volunteers, managers, receptionists, and nurses.

GRAPHIC: The GRAPHIC Study was funded by the British Heart Foundation (BHF/RG/2000004). CPN and NJS are supported by the British Heart Foundation and NJS is a NIHR Senior Investigator This work falls under the portfolio of research supported by the NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit.

H2000: The Health 2000 Study was funded by the National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), the Finnish Centre for Pensions (ETK), the Social Insurance Institution of Finland (KELA), the Local Government Pensions Institution (KEVA) and other organizations listed on the website of the survey (http://www.terveys2000.fi ). We are grateful for the THL DNA laboratory for its skillful work to produce the DNA samples used in this study. We thank the Sanger Institute genotyping facilities for genotyping the GenMets subcohort.

HABC: The Health ABC Study was supported by NIA contracts N01AG62101, N01AG62103, and N01AG62106 and, in part, by the NIA Intramural Research Program. The genome-wide association study was funded by NIA grant 1R01AG032098-01A1 to Wake Forest University Health Sciences and genotyping services were provided by the Center for Inherited Disease Research (CIDR). CIDR is fully funded through a federal contract from the National Institutes of Health to The Johns Hopkins University, contract number HHSN268200782096C. This study utilized the high-performance computational capabilities of the Biowulf Linux cluster at the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md. (http://biowulf.nih.gov).

HTO: The study was funded by the Wellcome Trust, Medical Research Council and British Heart Foundation We thank all the families who participated in the study

INGI-VB: The INGI‐Val Borbera population is a collection of 1,664 genotyped samples collected in the Val Borbera Valley, a geographically isolated valley located within the Appennine Mountains in Northwest Italy. The valley is inhabited by about 3,000 descendants from the original population, living in 7 villages along the valley and in the mountains. Participants were healthy people 18-102 years of age that had at least one grandfather living in the valley. The study plan and the informed consent form were reviewed and approved by the institutional review boards of San Raffaele Hospital in Milan. The research was supported by funds from Compagnia di San Paolo, Torino, Italy; Fondazione Cariplo, Italy and Ministry of Health, Ricerca Finalizzata 2008 and CCM 2010, PRIN 2009 and Telethon, Italy to DT. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. We thank the inhabitants of the VB that made this study possible, the local administrations, the MD of the San Raffaele Hospital and Prof Clara Camaschella for clinical data collection. We also thank Fiammetta Viganò for technical help, Corrado Masciullo and Massimiliano Cocca for building and maintaining the analysis platform.

INGI-CARL: Italian Ministry of Health RF2010 to Paolo Gasparini, RC2008 to Paolo Gasparini

INGI-FVG: Italian Ministry of Health RF2010 to Paolo Gasparini, RC2008 to Paolo Gasparini

JUPITER: Genetic analysis in the JUPITER trial was funded by a grant from AstraZeneca (DIC and PMR, Co-Pis).

KORA S3: KORA S3 500K blood pressure project was supported by Estonian Research Council, grant IUT34-12 (for Maris Laan). The KORA Augsburg studies have been financed by the Helmholtz Zentrum Mu nchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany and supported by grants from the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF). The KORA study group consists of H-E. Wichmann (speaker), A. Peters, C. Meisinger, T. Illig, R. Holle, J. John and co-workers, who are responsible for the design and conduct of the KORA studies. Part of this work was financed by the German National Genome Research Network (NGFN-2 and NGFNPlus:01GS0823) and supported within the Munich Center of Health Sciences (MC Health) as part of LMUinnovativ.