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page 11
The French supported the Americans for a number of reasons. A weakened England
could only heighten France's status and influence
—
both in Western Europe and
around the world as various countries competed to establish colonies. Some French
might have been seeking payback. Only twelve
years before the American
Revolution, France was at war with Britain in the Seven Years’ War, and they lost.
This resulted in France being forced to give North American territories to Britain.
C.
Five months after the Declaration of Independence was signed, Benjamin Franklin
traveled to Paris. He hoped to explain the revolutionary cause
to the French and
enlist their support. Franklin was already popular in France
for his writings and
scientific discoveries, and he was able to secure French support. At first, France
supported the Americans only in secret. Gunpowder, ammunition, weapons, and
money were
smuggled into the country, hidden in commercial ships. Military
strategists crossed the Atlantic to advise Continental Army military commanders.
D.
In February 1778, France officially recognized the United States (following the
Battle
of Saratoga, in which the Continental Army decisively defeated the British army and
gave a resurgence of hope to the Americans’ fight for independence), and the
countries signed an alliance. French soldiers fought alongside
Americans; French and
British fleets clashed from Rhode Island down to Georgia. In addition to manpower,
France contributed money and weapons. For helping the
American cause, France
spent the equivalent of what would be about 13 billion dollars in the U.S. today.
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