Microsoft Word fidis-wp2-de models doc

FIDIS 

Future of Identity in the Information Society (No. 507512)

 

D2.3 

  

[Final], Version: 2.0 

File: fidis-wp2-del2.3.models.doc 

Page 33 

 

3.8.4 Relevant standards 

The domain of e-learning has defined with IMS/LIP (Learner Information Package) a series 

of specification for the representation of the learner information. Two different slots are used 

to represent competency, the ‘Competency’ slot, which is used to represent skills, knowledge, 

and abilities acquired in the cognitive, affective, and/or psychomotor domains and the ‘QCL’ 

slot (Certifications and Licenses) which is used to represent qualifications, certifications and 

licenses granted by recognised authorities. 

HR-XML defines a schema for specifying the competency (measurable characteristics) of the 

employee. The competencies schema allows the capture of information regarding the 

evidence used to substantiate a competency and ratings and weights that can be used to rank, 

compare, and otherwise evaluate the sufficiency or desirability of a competency. 

 

3.9  Functions, position and roles 

3.9.1 Description 

Function, position and role relates to the formal or informal “position and role” that the 

person is fulfilling as member within an organisation such as an enterprise or governmental 

service, and to the tasks in which this person is engaged. 

3.9.2  Examples of attributes 

 

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Job title (CEO, Director, …) 

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Title (Dr., Prof., Her Majesty, …) 

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Tasks 

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Working activity state. (instantaneous information) 

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Informal role (and authority), castes (see social characteristics) 

 

3.9.3 Application domains 

Work appears the most obvious domain in which functions, position and roles intervene. 

However, many other domains are also concerned by this facet such as Justice (role related to 

authority), commerce (defining responsibilities) and even leisure (for instance in a Massively 

Multiplayer Online Game). 

3.9.4 Relevant standards 

For formal roles, HR-XML defines for instance the slot JobAndPosition. The Job and Position 

Header specifications are high-level entities that may be used within a variety of human 

resource management (HRM) models and business processes. Both entities may be 

categorised into fragments such as Duties and Responsibilities, Work Policy, Requirements, 

and Work Schedule. 

Global Justice Extensible Markup (JXDM) defines different types of persons such as: 

EnforcementOfficial, JudicialOfficial, CaseOfficial, Juror, MissingPerson, 

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FIDIS 

Future of Identity in the Information Society (No. 507512)

 

D2.3 

  

[Final], Version: 2.0 

File: fidis-wp2-del2.3.models.doc 

Page 34 

 

RegisteredOffender, Subject, Witness. Each of them share some attributes, but also includes a 

set of specific attributes. 

Finally, as described in the next section, the role can also be informal. For instance a person in 

an organisation or in a group can have an authority over other persons (such as leadership) 

that may be implicit and not appear in the formalised structure of the organisation. 

 

3.10 Social characteristics (sociology) 

3.10.1 Description 

The “social characteristics” deals with all the information regarding the relationship that 

people have with one another individually, or as part of a group. 

3.10.2 

Examples of attributes 

 

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Social networks (FOAF) 

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Personal network (mates, friends, ...)  

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Family network  

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Professional network  

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Political network 

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Affiliation 

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Groups 

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Professional groups 

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Political party 

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Social categories (extracted via data mining) 

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Social identity (reputation, informal roles & authority, etc.) 

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Social style (competitive / collaborative, introvert / extravert) 

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Social role  

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Team role (Belbin model) 

Plant, Resource investigator, Co-ordinator, Shaper, Monitor evaluator, Teamworker, Implementer, 

Completer 

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Reputation 

 

3.10.3 Application 

domains 

Many application domains deal with social characteristics. For instance, on the Internet, 

online social networking systems (such as LinkedIn, Friendster, Orkut) directly represent the 

social networks in order to facilitate the creation and the exploitation of social structure. 

Similarly, the Blogosphere (the Internet space that consists of a set of blogs) is often 

considered as a giant social network linking the different owners of blogs which refer to one 

another. Affiliation is also an attribute that is present in many systems relying on informal 

communication such as virtual communities. 

In the domain of electronic commerce, social characteristics can appear via the socio-

economical group categories that can be extracted using data-mining techniques. 

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