479
Zarubina, Yelizaveta: See Elizabeth Zarubin. Vassiliev Black Notebook, 78.
Zaslavskaya: See Modina-Zaslavskaya.
Zaslavsky, ?: First husband of Boris Morros’s wife. Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #3, 38–39.
Zaslavsky, ?: Official of the Labor Commissariat. Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #3, 5.
Zassman, Walter: Described as a contact of Harold Glasser at some point (Spelling unconfirmed:
alternative translation: Sassman or Sussman). Vassiliev White Notebook #3, 60.
Zaustinsky: Special company established to purchase aircraft engines for the USSR. Vassiliev Yellow
Notebook #4, 78.
Zavenyagin, Avraamy P.: Senior deputy to Lavrenty Beria. Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #1, 56.
ZAVOD and ZAVÓD [PLANT] (cover name in Venona): USSR consulate. Venona New York KGB
1941–42, 70; Venona New York KGB 1943, 93, 225, 253, 270, 332; Venona New York KGB 1944,
37–38, 45, 71–72, 87, 106, 148, 190–92, 195–96, 234, 238–39, 245–47, 330–31, 380, 390–91,
404–5, 415, 443, 481–82, 502–3, 508, 534–35, 552, 597–98, 606, 615–16, 638, 696–97, 704, 715,
764, 772–73; Venona New York KGB 1945, 21, 57–58, 192–93, 200; Venona San Francisco KGB,
119–20, 156, 179, 238, 267, 269, 288, 292, 296; Venona Special Studies, 138, 188.
“Zavod” (Russian original of a cover name in Vassiliev’s notebooks): See “Plant”.
ZAYATS [HARE and STOWAWAY] (cover name in Venona): Maurice Halperin. Venona New York
KGB 1943, 103, 107, 129–30, 135, 137, 185–86, 207, 248–49, 278, 280–81, 292–93; Venona
New York KGB 1944, 15–16, 51, 153, 156–57, 278–79, 298, 446–47, 496–97, 566–69, 576, 593;
Venona Special Studies, 28.
“Zayats” (Russian original of a cover name in Vassiliev’s notebooks): See “Hare”.
Zbarsky, ?: Described as a Soviet scientist working on bactericides. Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #4, 107.
Zborovskij, Mark: Variant translation of the name of Mark Zborowski. Venona New York KGB 1944,
623.
Zborowski [also Zborowskij], Mark Grigoryevich: Soviet intelligence agent, largely focused on
anti-Trotsky work in the 1930s and early 1940s. Convicted of perjury and imprisoned in 1962.
Cover names in Vassiliev’s notebooks: “Tulip” until September 1944, then “Kant”. Cover
namea in Venona: TULIP [TYUL'PAN, TYULPAN, TUL'PAN and TIUL'PAN] and KANT.
As Zborowski: Vassiliev White Notebook #1, 39; Venona New York KGB 1943, 290; Venona New
York KGB 1944, 35, 188, 225, 280, 403, 462, 524, 581, 623 (as Zborovskij), 745; Venona New
York KGB 1945, 54, 145; Venona Special Studies, 33, 72. As “Tulip”: Vassiliev White
Notebook #1, 39–40, 42, 55, 57, 59. As “Kant”: Vassiliev White Notebook #1, 55. As TULIP
[TYUL'PAN, TYULPAN, TUL'PAN and TIUL'PAN]: Venona New York KGB 1943, 48–49, 290;
Venona New York KGB 1944, 35, 150–51, 188, 224–25, 250–51, 279–80, 399, 401–3, 462,
523–24, 573, 575, 581; Venona New York KGB 1945, 145; Venona Special Studies, 33, 72–73,
167–68, 174. As KANT: Venona New York KGB 1944, 251, 401, 462, 572–75, 579–81, 596,
622–23, 744–45; Venona New York KGB 1945, 53–54, 144–45; Venona Special Studies, 33, 73.
Zdornykh, Petr Nikolaevich: SGPC official. Venona San Francisco KGB, 204.
“Zebulon Vance”: U.S. ship. Venona USA Naval GRU, 287.
Zeilbermeister: Office of Naval Intelligence spelling of Nathan Gregory Silvermaster’s Russian surname
when his family first arrived in America. Vassiliev White Notebook #3, 4, 6–7.
Zeitler, ?: Venona analysts thought this a misspelling of the surname of German general Kurt Zeitzler.
Venona New York KGB 1945, 156.
Zeitzler, Kurt: Chief of the Wehrmacht General Staff from 1942 until 1944 when dismissed by Hitler.
Vassiliev White Notebook #3, 135; Venona New York KGB 1945, 156 (misspelled as Zeitler).
ZELENYE [GREENS] (cover name in Venona): Venona analysts thought this a Naval GRU term for a
non-Soviet security or intelligence agency, in this case an American agency monitoring Soviet
ships. Venona USA Naval GRU, 5, 169.
ZELIMKHAN and ZELIM KHAN [SELIM KHAN] (cover name in Venona): Unidentified Soviet
intelligence officer/agent, later KAHN. Venona New York KGB 1944, 190–91, 236–37, 263,
281, 404, 508, 606; Venona Special Studies, 29, 76.
480
Zelman, Franklin: See Franklin, Zalmond David.
“Zemlyak”, “Zemlyaki” (cover names in Vassiliev’s notebooks): See “Fellowcountryman”,
“Fellowcountrymen”.
ZEMLIACHESKAYA, ZEMLYACHESKIE, ZEMLYACHESTVO, and ZEMLYACHESKIJ
[FELLOWCOUNTRYMANLY, FELLOW COUNTRYMAN’s or FELLOWCOUNTRYMEN’s]
(cover name in Venona): Something pertaining to the CPUSA or any non-Soviet Communist
Party. Venona New York KGB 1943, 156, 203; Venona New York KGB 1944, 75, 219–20, 341;
Venona New York KGB 1945, 12–13, 44, 146; Venona Washington KGB, 2; Venona San
Francisco KGB, 238; Venona Special Studies, 141–42.
ZEMLYAK, ZEMLYAKI, ZEMLYACHKA, and ZEMLYAKICHESKIJ [FELLOWCOUNTRYMAN,
FELLOWCOUNTRYMEN, and FELLOWCOUNTRYWOMAN] (cover names in Venona):
Refers to a Communist or Communists. Venona New York KGB 1941–42, 24, 52; Venona New
York KGB 1943, 14, 38–39, 48, 52, 116, 151, 222, 234, 244–45, 274, 283–85, 306, 310, 333;
Venona New York KGB 1944, 25–26, 32, 61, 113, 125, 127, 159, 172, 318, 341, 344–45, 399, 401,
422, 456, 496–97, 512–13, 519, 525–26, 541, 548, 563, 565, 567, 576, 580, 591–92, 594, 638,
652, 675, 677, 715, 719, 727–28, 733–34, 744, 756, 779; Venona New York KGB 1945, 8, 10,
12–13, 44–46, 71, 79, 126, 146, 177, 192–93, 196–97; Venona Washington KGB, 2; Venona San
Francisco KGB, 14, 20, 222; Venona Special Studies, 29, 130, 141–42.
ZEMLYAK [FELLOWCOUNTRYMAN] (cover name in Venona): While generally a collective cover
name for local Communists, ZEMLYAK [FELLOWCOUNTRYMAN] appears in two 1944
message as the particular cover name of a specific unidentified Soviet intelligence source/agent.
Venona New York KGB 1944, 190–91, 472–73; Venona Special Studies, 29.
“Zenith” [Zenit] (cover name in Vassiliev notebooks): Unidentified Soviet intelligence source/agent,
member of Julius Rosenberg’s revived network in 1948. Vassiliev Black Notebook, 128.
Zenith corporation: Radio and electronic corporation. Vassiliev Black Notebook, 119.
“Zenkhen” (Russian original of a cover name in Vassiliev’s notebooks): See “Sohnchen”.
Zenzinov, Vladimir: Former Socialist Revolutionary activist, associate of Alexander Kerensky, and editor
of ZA SVOBODU newspaper. Venona New York KGB 1944, 93, 140, 402–3; Venona New York
KGB 1945, 53–54; Venona Special Studies, 166, 168.
ZEPP (cover name in Venona): Unidentified. Venona USA GRU, 2.
...zer: Partially decrypted name. Venona San Francisco KGB, 80.
ZERBER: Possible translation of TSERBER. Venona New York KGB 1945, 46.
ZERO [NUL'] (cover name in Venona): Leona Franey. Venona New York KGB 1944, 269–70, 332–33,
543, 632; Venona New York KGB 1945, 138; Venona Special Studies, 52, 138.
“Zero” [Nul'] (cover name in Vassiliev’s notebooks): Leona Franey until October 1944. (This “Zero”,
spelled Nul' in Russian, is not the same cover name as “Zero”, spelled Zero in Russian. “Nul'”
was translated as “Zero” in the Venona decryptions and to avoid confusion that translation is used
Vassiliev’s notebooks.) Vassiliev Black Notebook, 119, 121, 135.
“Zero” [Zero] (cover name in Vassiliev notebooks): Soviet intelligence source/agent described as female,
Jewish, on staff of the Nye committee, mid-1930s. In 1942 described as a secretary with a
Senate “Defense Committee” who left the position by 1943 for “family reasons” and who had a
husband suspicious of a KGB attempt to revive contact. Likely Lydia Lee. Lee, who was
Jewish, worked for the Nye committee and in 1942 worked for the Senate Special Committee to
Investigate the National Defense Program in April 1942 and then left to get married. Her
husband, William A. Heflin was a staff member of the Pearl Harbor Investigating Committee.
203
Vassiliev Black Notebook, 14, 17–18, 23, 25, 33–34, 43, 51, 101 (spelled “Zerro” in the original),
182; Vassiliev White Notebook #1, 14; Vassiliev White Notebook #3, 74, 76–77.
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203. Historian R. Bruce Craig identified Lee as likely the real name behind “Zero”.
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