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Full list of discourse markers to use in the writing and speaking part of the ielts@MrNiner Full List of Linking WordsGiving examples
A great example of this is, for example, for instance, a
personal example is, in other words, a striking example of this,
a classic example is, a clear example of this can be seen, such
as, illustrated by
Stalling
Let me think about that..., that's a difficult/interesting question,
I haven't thought of that before, well..., actually, basically,
Result
As a result, because of this, therefore, consequently, so, then
Generalising
Generally, broadly speaking, as a rule, on the whole, it is often
said that..., in most cases, the vast majority of, a small
minority of
If you use any of these examples as the first words in an answer, the linkage is to the
question the examiner asked or a statement the examiner made, or to a statement
you had previously made.
As well as showing linkage, these words and phrases act as an introduction to what
you are going to say.
There is a slight pause after you say these expressions before you continue
speaking. In writing, these words and expressions are followed by a comma.
Remember: If you don’t clearly show that you can use a lot of these, you won’t get a
6 (or above) for Coherence and therefore you won’t get a 6 (or above) for the
Fluency and Coherence sub-score.
Don't overuse any one of the examples shown below. Instead, show variety.
‘
Informal
’ words and expressions are good to use in the Speaking test! (But not
‘slang’ words and expressions.)
Those words or expressions labeled as ‘
a little
formal
’ are most suitable when
talking about rather serious or abstract topics, such as in Part 3. However, don’t
use too many of those marked as, “a little formal” in the Speaking test and I suggest
not using any one of those more than once.
Any words or expressions labeled as ‘
very formal
’ should only be used in the most
serious or academic-style language, which is usually either a formal speech or
academic writing. It is not considered ‘wrong’ if you do use these in the test but it
will make your speaking sound a bit unnatural, like reading from a book. The only
example here is ‘
moreover
’.
Most of these are used to begin a sentence but a few are usually used as
conjunctions within a sentence. However, in speaking, these sound almost as if they
are beginning a new sentence.
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