Accounts by NDE subjects sometimes include long-term after-effects such as a heightened sense of intuition; seeing apparently disconnected events being connected as in the phenomenon of synchronicity; and internal feelings of bodily energy and/or altered states of consciousness similar to those associated with kundalini (Greyson, 2000).
Greyson (1983) developed The Near-Death Experience Scale in order to measure the after-effects of a near-death experience. This research note that the aftermath of the experience is associated with both positive and healthy outcomes related to personality and appreciation for life, but also a spectrum of clinical problems in situations where the person has had difficulties with the experience (Orne, 1995). These difficulties are usually connected to the interpretation of the experience and the integration of it into everyday life. The near-death experience as a focus of clinical attention and the inclusion of a new diagnostic category in the DSM-IV called "Religious or spiritual problem" (Code V 62.89) is discussed more closely by Greyson (1997).
Simpson (2001) notes that the number of people that have experienced an NDE might be higher than the number of cases that are actually reported. It is not unusual for near-death experiencers to feel profound insecurity related to how they are going to explain something that the surrounding culture perceives as a strange, paranormal incident.
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See also -
Alister Hardy
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Beyond and Back
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Journal of Near-Death studies
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Near-Death Studies
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References and further reading
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Clinical and academic -
Blackmore S. (1993) Dying to live: Science and Near-Death Experiences. London: Harper Collins.
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Britton WB, Bootzin RR. (2004) Near-death experiences and the temporal lobe. Psychol Sci. 2004 Apr;15(4):254-8. PubMed abstract PMID 15043643
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Ellwood, G.F. (2001) The Uttermost Deep: The Challenge of Near-Death Experiences. New York: LanternBooks.
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Greyson, B. (1983) The Near-Death Experience Scale: Construction, reliability, and validity. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 171, 369-375.
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Greyson B. (1997) The near-death experience as a focus of clinical attention. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. 1997 May;185(5):327-34. PubMed abstract PMID 9171810
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Greyson, B. (2000) Some neuropsychological correlates of the physio-kundalini syndrome. Journal of Transpersonal Psychology, 32, 123-134.
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Greyson, Bruce (2003) Near-Death Experiences in a Psychiatric Outpatient Clinic Population. Psychiatric Services, December 2003, Vol. 54 No. 12. The American Psychiatric Association
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Lange R, Greyson B, Houran J. (2004) A Rasch scaling validation of a 'core' near-death experience. British Journal of Psychology, Volume: 95 Part: 2 Page: 161-177
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Lukoff, David, Lu, Francis G. & Turner, Robert P. (1998) From Spiritual Emergency to Spiritual Problem - The Transpersonal Roots of the New DSM-IV Category. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 38(2), 21-50, 1998
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Martens PR. (1994) Near-death-experiences in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survivors. Meaningful phenomena or just fantasy of death? Resuscitation. 1994 Mar;27(2):171-5. PubMed abstract PMID 8029538
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Morse M., Conner D. and Tyler D. (1985) Near-Death Experiences in a pediatric population. A preliminary report, American Journal of Disease of Children, n. 139, 1985. PubMed abstract PMID 4003364
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Orne RM. (1995) The meaning of survival: the early aftermath of a near-death experience. Research in Nursing & Health. 1995 Jun;18(3):239-47. PubMed abstract PMID 7754094
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Parnia S, Waller DG, Yeates R, Fenwick P (2001) A qualitative and quantitative study of the incidence, features and aetiology of near death experiences in cardiac arrest survivors. Resuscitation. 2001 Feb;48(2):149-56. PubMed abstract PMID 11426476
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Ring K. (1980) Life at death. A scientific investigation of the near- death experience. New York: Coward McCann and Geoghenan
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Shermer, Michael (1998) Why People Believe Weird Things: Pseudoscience, Superstition, and Other Confusions of Our Time. W.H. Freeman & Company
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Simpson SM. (2001) Near death experience: a concept analysis as applied to nursing. Journal of Advanced Nursing. 2001 Nov;36(4):520-6. PubMed abstract PMID 11703546
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Strassman R. (2001)DMT - The Spirit Molecule. Rochester, VT: Park Street Press
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van Lommel P, van Wees R, Meyers V, Elfferich I. (2001) Near-Death Experience in Survivors of Cardiac Arrest: A prospective Study in the Netherlands. Lancet. 2001 Dec 15;358(9298):2039-45.
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Personal experiences -
Embraced by the Light by Betty Eadie (1992). One of the most detailed near-death experiences on record.
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Saved by the Light by Dannion Brinkley. Brinkley's experience documents one of the most complete near death experiences, in terms of core experience and additional phenomena from the NDE scale.
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Fiction -
In Passage, a 2001 novel by Connie Willis, the principal storyline centers around a researcher who has developed a technique for inducing an experience very much like a natural NDE. By studying the effects and comparing them with real NDEs, she hopes to find a biological basis for NDEs.
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The novel Fearless (1993) by Rafael Yglesias is about an architect that survives a planecrash. His Near-Death experience starts a period of fearlessness and existential concerns which puts him in conflict with both his family and the surrounding culture. The book was later adapted to the screen by director Peter Weir, starring Jeff Bridges as the main character, Max Klein.
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Flatliners (1990) is about a group of medical students who wanted to study the Near-Death experience. One of them each time would voluntarily die clinicaly and then his or her fellow students would use their practical knowledge to revive them. But their experiment begins to go awry.
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