12 Governing a company
443
Introduction
443
Learning outcomes
444
Corporate governance
444
The board of directors
445
The UK Corporate Governance Code
446
Tasks of the board
449
Chairing the board
451
The role of non-executive directors
454
The audit process
458
Remunerating directors
469
Performance measures
475
Assessing board performance
479
The rise of shareholder activism
481
Self-assessment question
489
Summary
490
Key terms
492
References
492
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CONTENTS
xiii
Further reading
493
Critical review questions
493
Exercises
494
Appendix A Recording financial transactions
495
Introduction
495
Learning outcomes
495
The basics of double-entry bookkeeping
495
Recording trading transactions
498
Balancing accounts and the trial balance
501
Preparing the financial statements (final accounts)
505
The ledger and its division
509
Summary
509
Key terms
510
Further reading
510
Exercises
511
Appendix B Glossary of key terms
514
Appendix C Solutions to self-assessment questions
525
Appendix D Solutions to critical review questions
536
Appendix E Solutions to selected exercises
545
Index
580
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PREFACE
xv
This text provides a comprehensive introduction to financial accounting. It is aimed at students
who are not majoring in accounting as well as those who are. Those studying introductory-level
financial accounting as part of their course in business, economics, hospitality management,
tourism, engineering, or some other area, should find that the text provides complete coverage
of the material at the level required. Students who are majoring in accounting should find the
text a useful introduction to the main principles, which can serve as a foundation for further
study.
The main focus of the text is on the ways in which financial statements and financial informa-
tion can improve the quality of decision making. To ensure that readers understand the practi-
cal implications of the subject, there are, throughout the text, numerous illustrative extracts
using commentary from company reports, survey data and other sources. Although some
technical issues are dealt with in the text, the main emphasis throughout is on basic principles
and underlying concepts.
In this ninth edition, we have taken the opportunity to make improvements, including those
suggested by students and lecturers who used the previous edition. We have rewritten some
material to make it more understandable to readers. We have updated and expanded the
number of examples from real life. We have also incorporated developments to International
Financial Reporting Standards, including the recently-published version of the Conceptual
Framework for Financial Reporting. Recent developments in the area of corporate gover-
nance are discussed and explained. Finally, the discussion of the role of the auditor has been
expanded.
The text is written in an ‘open-learning’ style. This means that there are numerous integrated
activities, worked examples and questions throughout the text to help you to understand the
subject fully. In framing these questions and tasks, we have tried to encourage critical thinking
by requiring analysis and evaluation of various concepts and techniques. You are encouraged
to interact with the material and to check your progress continually. Irrespective of whether
you are using the text as part of a taught course or for personal study, we have found that this
approach is more ‘user-friendly’ and makes it easier for you to learn.
Preface
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xvi
PREFACE
We recognise that most of you will not have studied financial accounting before and, there-
fore, we have tried to write in a concise and accessible style, minimising the use of technical
jargon. We have also tried to introduce topics gradually, explaining everything as we go. Where
technical terminology is unavoidable we try to provide clear explanations. You will find all of
the key terms highlighted in the text, and then listed at the end of each chapter with a page
reference. All of these key terms are also listed alphabetically, with a concise definition, in the
glossary given in Appendix B. This should provide a convenient point of reference from which
to revise.
A further important consideration in helping you to understand and absorb the topics cov-
ered is the design of the text itself. The page layout and colour scheme have been carefully
considered to allow for the easy navigation and digestion of material. The layout features a
large page format, an open design, and clear signposting of the various features and assess-
ment material.
We hope that you will find the text both readable and helpful.
Peter Atrill
Eddie McLaney
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HOW TO USE THIS BOOK
xvii
How to use this book
We have organised the chapters to reflect what we consider to be a logical sequence and, for
this reason, we suggest that you work through the text in the order in which it is presented.
We have tried to ensure that earlier chapters do not refer to concepts or terms that are not
explained until a later chapter. If you work through the chapters in the ‘wrong’ order, you will
probably encounter concepts and terms that were explained previously.
Irrespective of whether you are using the book as part of a lecture/tutorial-based course or
as the basis for a more independent mode of study, we advocate following broadly the same
approach.
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