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Elementar Americas Inc elementar Americas Inc
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tarix | 03.11.2018 | ölçüsü | 6,04 Mb. | | #77893 |
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elementar Americas Inc. elementar Americas Inc. Analyzer technology and operation - Chemistry / Process flow / Mechanical design
Selecting an instrument - design considerations
- choices - Rapid N cube / vario MACRO cube / vario MAX
Technology Development - 1868 - high temperature techniques developed in Hanau, Germany
- 1878 - Dennstedt Patent
- 1925 - Nobel prize for CHN analysis
- 1990 - first Macro scale elemental analyzer
- 1999 - first MAX analyzer
- 2006 - first cube platform analyzer introduced
Organization - 1868 - Heraeus
- 1993 - management buyout forms elementar GmbH
- 1999 - elementar Americas Inc formed
- 2008 - Isoprime Ltd acquired (Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometers)
Manufacturing, R&D and applications labs - elementar Analysensysteme GmbH
- CHNS/O Elemental Analyzers
- Located in Hanau, Germany (30 minutes from Frankfurt Airport)
- Isoprime Ltd
- Wholly owned subsidiary
- Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometers
- Located near Manchester, U.K
Sales, service, applications, and supplies - elementar Americas, Inc.
- Responsible for sales and service in USA, Canada, Mexico and Central America
- based in Mt. Laurel, NJ (30 minutes from Philadelphia)
- Service from NJ, IN, CO, Toronto
Micro scale CHNS/O - vario MICRO cube
- vario EL cube
Macro scale CHNS/O - vario MACRO cube
- vario MAX
- rapid N cube & rapid CS cube
TOC
Core Operations Chemistry Other operations - Sample preparation
- Autosampler and sample feeding
- Software
Combustion - Sample combusts in furnace at 950 deg C to 1200 deg C
- Sample drops into crucible or is lowered into center of combustion tube
- Jet injection of oxygen via lance right over/at sample
- Creates turbulent flow around sample
- like blowing on a fire
- Three tube low voltage furnace with 10 year warranty
Gas Separation - Helium or CO2 carrier gas pushes combustion gases through analyzer.
- C, H and S combustion gases are trapped in separate columns, then sequentially released (aka “purge and trap”).
- N2 gas is not trapped. It flows straight thru columns.
Gas Detection - TCD – Thermal Conductivity Detector
- Utilizes a Wheatstone bridge circuit to compare relative thermal conductivity differences between the carrier gas and analyte gas
- Critical system component
- Elementar own design
- Larger dynamic range
- Very special thermistors which are not harmed by high oxygen content.
- Allows for suspension of carrier gas flow without any harm, even at operation temperature.
Combustion Combustion - R-N + O2 ----> N2 + NOx + O2 + CO + CO2 + CH4 + X- + SOx + H2O
Post Combustion - CO + CH4 ---CuO & Pt --> CO2 + H2O
Reduction - NOx+O2 +SO2--tungsten--> N2+WO3 +CO (trace)
- CO + CuO --------> CO2
- X- via reaction with silver wool
- H2O via condensation, membrane dryer and Sicapent
- trace S02 via reaction with tungsten
Nitrogen Carbon Dioxide - rapid N – “fades” into carrier gas
- vario MAX and vario MACRO – separated on purge and trap column, then released and detected by TCD.
Core Operations Core Operations - Combustion
- Gas separation
- Gas detection
Chemistry Process Flow Diagram Other operations - Sample preparation
- Autosampler and sample feeding
- Software
Robotic “gripper arm” - Lifts reusable crucible from carousel.
- Lowers crucible into the combustion tube (~1000 C)
- Lifts to removes crucible and ash
- Deposits the ash & crucible in catch bin
Core Operations Core Operations - Combustion
- Gas separation
- Gas detection
Chemistry Process Flow Diagram Other operations - Sample preparation
- Autosampler and sample feeding
- Software
Vario MAX - Best choice for CN or N samples that are non-homogeneous, very low in concentration, wet , high ash or difficult to handle.
Vario MACRO cube - Optimum economics for larger CN samples with easier handling characteristics (dry, semi-homogeneous).
- Capital cost lower than MAX
- CF Hybrid technology optimizes consumables cost
Rapid N cube - Optimum economics for larger N samples with easier handling characteristics.
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