Conus cabraloi Cossignani, 2014 Pictures

Discussion:-Not many specimens of C. cerinus are known. From those that are known the shell of C. cerinus differs from the shell of C. boeticus only by its more convex sides and higher spire.
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Conus cernicus H. Adams, 1869
Pictures:
Picture Link: Figure Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. Pl 19, f.1

Picture Link: Paul Kersten

Published in: Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1869 272, pl. xix, f. 1
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Barkly Is., Mauritius
Type Data: Holotype was in collection Barclay and currently assumed to be lost
Type Size: 25 x 12 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus balteatus Sowerby ii, 1833
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Rolaniconus Species:-balteatus cernicus forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Mascarenes, Somalia
Habitat:-Reported in 20-30 m
Description:-Source Living Conidae C. balteatus
C. cernicus has more rounded shoulder, lower coronations and spire usually blotched heavily with dark brown, and speckled with white.
Discussion:-No Data
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Conus cernohorskyi da Motta, 1983
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in MHNG Mike Filmer

Published in: Publ. Ocas. Soc. Port. Malac. no. 2, p. 2, figs. 10 & 13
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Borogon, Samar Oriental, Philippines.
Type Data: Holotype in MHNG deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 46.4 x 26.8 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus magus Linnaeus, 1758
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Pionoconus Species:-magus cernohorskyi forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Philippines
Habitat:-Intertidal and upper subtidal. A sand-dweller on coral reef and in sheltered bays, often beneath rocks and dead coral.
Description:-Source Living Conidae C. magus

C. cernohorskyi: moderately small to medium- sized, moderately solid. Last whorl usually ventricosely conical; surface comparatively rough. Larval whorls consistently pink. The type specimen is probably sub adult; white with axial flammules of dark brown.
Discussion:-No Data
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Conus ceruttii Cargile, 1997
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in SBMNH Original Description

Picture Link: Paul Kersten

Published in: La Conchiglia 29, p. 48, figs.
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: Isla Grande de Maiz, Nicaragua; 10-25 m
Type Data: Holotype in SBMNH deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 31 x 15 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Gradiconus Species:-ceruttii
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-E. Nicaragua, Honduras
Habitat:-Found at depths of 10-25 meters
Description:-Source Original description
Last whorl is conical with a slightly convex outline, more so above mid-body. The shoulder is angulate or sharply angulate, with no sculpture. The spire is moderate in height, concave in outline, and has a slightly stepped appearance. The last whorl is smooth and glossy above, except for the fine axial threads; the basal third has numerous unevenly spaced, axially striate grooves.
The color of the body whorl of juvenile shells is generally pale pink, violet, orange, or yellow, with a discontinuous band of white axial streaks or blotches at the mid-body, base, and shoulder, the latter continuous with flammules on the spire. With maturity the color trends to bright reddish orange, and white markings become well defined, axially elongate zigzag and serpentine shapes. Spire whorls have flammules or blotches of white spirally alternating with the color of the body whorl. The apex is white on Nicaraguan specimens, but pale brown on specimens from Cay Gorda. The aperture is white to pale violet inside, and translucent near the lip.

Discussion:-
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Conus cervus Lamarck, 1822
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in MHNG Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Hist. Nat. Anim. sans Vert. vii, p. 510
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Moluccas
Type Data: Holotype in MHNG deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 94 x 44 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Textilia Species:-cervus
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Philippines, Moluccas and New Caledonia; probably Marshall Is.
Habitat:-Offshore in 180-400 m.
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Large and solid. Last whorl ovate to narrowly ovate; outline straight at adapical fourth, then convex, straight to slightly concave toward base. Aperture somewhat wider at base than near shoulder. Shoulder angulate. Spire low, outline slightly concave to slightly convex. Larval shell projecting, of about 3.5 whorls; maximum diameter 1- 1.1 mm. About first 3 postnuclear whorls tuberculate. Teleoconch sutural ramps flat, slightly concave in late whorls, with 0-1 increasing to 6-10 spiral grooves. Last whorl with a few very weak spiral ribs at base or completely smooth.
Last whorl clouded with light brown except for numerous white dots, triangles and flecks; brown pattern fused into 3 darker spiral bands, below shoulder, above centre and within abapical third. Widely spaced spiral rows of irregularly alternating white and darker brown markings extend from base to shoulder. Siphonal fasciole white or suffused with pale brown. Larval whorls and 1.5-2.5 teleoconch sutural ramps light red. Following ramps light brown, radially mottled with white. Aperture white.
Shell Morphometry
L 90-116 mm
RW 0.30-0.80 g/mm
(L 90-113 mm)
RD 0.49-0.53
PMD 0.68-0.74
RSH 0.04-0.10
Discussion:-
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Conus ceylanensis Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792
Pictures:
Picture Link: Neotype in Naturalis, Leiden Mike Filmer

Picture Link: Paul Kersten

Published in: Encyc. Meth. Hist. Nat. des Vers. Vol. 1, p. 636
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: locality coasts of Ceylon Island, (Sri Lanka), neotype locality, Hikkaduwa, Sri Lanka
Type Data: Neotype in NATURALIS, LEIDEN deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 18 x 10 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym colour form of Conus musicus Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Harmoniconus Species:-musicus ceylanensis forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Sri Lanka, Thailand
Habitat:-In 1-18 m, living on rock benches, subtidal reef flats, the reef rim and on lagoon pinnacles. Mostly found on sand-binding algal mats, limestone pavement, dead coral rocks or heads and in crevices of rocks or coral reefs. Somewhat more common in subtidal habitats.
Description:-Source Living Conidae C musicus
Small, light to moderately light. Last whorl conical or ventricosely conical to broadly ventricosely conical; outline faintly to distinctly convex at adapical half and usually straight below. Aperture may have a transverse ridge at centre. Shoulder angulate to occasionally rounded, weakly to distinctly tuberculate. Spire of low to moderate height, outline slightly concave to slightly convex. Teleoconch sutural ramps flat, in later whorls with 2 increasing to 3-4 spiral grooves. Last whorl with weak to distinct, granulose spiral ribs at base; sometimes extending to centre or even to shoulder.
Ground colour white to pale grey. Last whorl with a grey, orange or reddish brown spiral band on each side of centre; bands occasionally obsolete or fusing into a single basal colour zone. Spiral rows of brown dots and dashes extend from base to shoulder, varying in number and arrangement. Dark dots may alternate with white dashes or dots. Base and basal part of columella dark bluish violet. Later sutural ramps crossed by brown markings between shoulder tubercles. Aperture pale violet to dark bluish violet, usually with a ground-colour band at centre and below shoulder.
Shell Morphometry
L 14-30 mm
RW 0.03-0.11 g/mm
RD 0.59-0.77
PMD 0.78-0.93
RSH 0.02-0.15
Form ceylanensis characterized by variously coalescing brown to reddish brown axial blotches or wavy flames on central area of last whorl, occasionally interrupted by a narrow ground-colour band in the middle; spiral rows of brown dots or dashes restricted to adapical and abapical parts of last whorl.
Discussion:-No Data
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Conus chaac Petuch, Berschauer & Poremski, 2017
Pictures:
Picture Link: Lectotype in LACM

Published in: Festivus Vol. 49, Issue 3, p. 239, Fig. 1, A
Ocean geography: West Atlantic and Caribbean
Type Locality: 2.5 m depth off Playa del Carmen, Quintana Roo State, Mexico (Yucatan Peninsula)
Type Data: Lectotype in LACM deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 14.5 x 8.0 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONILITHIDAE SubFamily:-CONILITHINAE
Genus:-Jaspidiconus Species:-chaac
Synonyms:-
Geographic Range:-Yucatan, Mexico
Habitat:- The new species prefers open hard limestone sea floors, covered with coral rubble and carbonate silt and devoid of vegetation, in 2-3 m depths
Description:-
Shell small for genus, stocky and rotund, broad across shoulder; spire distinctly pyramidal, with highly sloping whorls, and with whorls being rounded and convex; shoulder rounded, without distinct angle or carina; body whorl smooth and polished, ornamented with 10-12 deeply-incised and widely-separated spiral sulci around anterior half; shell color pale pinkish-tan, overlaid with dense network of amorphous small reddish-tan flammules; 2 broad bands of darker reddish-brown flammules encircle body whorl near mid-body, with narrow pale pink band separating both; spire whorls marked with dark reddish-tan, widely- separated and evenly-spaced crescent-shaped flammules; flammules on last spire whorl extend over shoulder angle; aperture proportionally wide, becoming larger toward anterior end; interior of aperture pale cream within interior; protoconch excerted, proportionally large, bulbous, mammilate, composed of 2 whorls, white in color.
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Conus chaldaeus Röding, 1798
Pictures:
Picture Link: Representation of Lectotype Knorr (1768, Pl. 4 fig. 2)

Picture Link: Paul Kersten

Picture Link: Paul Kersten

Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio

Published in: Museum Boltenianum 2: I-VIII, p. 42
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: None, designated (C, M & W) the Moluccas, Indonesia
Type Data: A representative type figure has been recorded as: Knorr (1768, Pl. 4 fig. 2)
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Virroconus Species:-chaldaeus
Synonyms:- vermiculatus Lamarck, 1810; pemphigus Dall, 1910; kahiko Kohn, 1980
Geographic Range:-Indo-Pacific except for the Red Sea and Easter Id.; also W. coast of Central America.
Habitat:-On intertidal benches, less frequently on slightly subtidal reef platforms; often close to the seaward edge of its habitat. C. chaldaeus lives on sand, beachrock, and truncated reef limestone with or without a thin layer of sand or algal turf, in coral rubble with or without sand and on dead coral heads or rocks.
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Moderately small to medium-sized, moderately solid to solid. Last whorl usually broadly ventricosely conical; outline convex adapically and straight below. Shoulder angulate to subangulate, strongly to weakly tuberculate. Spire of low to moderate height, outline straight to convex. Larval shell multispiral. Postnuclear spire whorls tuberculate. Teleoconch sutural ramps flat to concave, with 3 increasing to 6-7 spiral grooves. Last whorl with often strong, granulose spiral ribs basally, sometimes to shoulder.
Ground colour of last whorl white, suffused with pink mainly in juvenile specimens. Pattern of black axial streaks or flammules usually leaves 2 narrow white bands, at shoulder and near centre. Larval whorls white; apex often suffused with pink. Later sutural ramps white, variously blotched with black. Aperture bluish white behind a brownish black margin.
Shell Morphometry
L 25-59 mm
RW 0.20-0.40 g/mm
(L 25-40 mm)
RD 0.71-0.87
PMD 0.75-0.87
RSH 0.07-0.20
Discussion:-Only C. ebraeus closely resembles C. chaldaeus. They overlap broadly in shell morphometry, but C. ebraeus differs distinctly in colour pattern with usually 3-4 spiral rows of black markings on the last whorl and in fewer and weaker spiral grooves on its late sutural ramps. The granulose spiral ribs of the last whorl are stronger and extend over more of the shell in C. chaldaeus. The animals of both species may be very similar (Hawaii) or clearly separable (N. Papua New Guinea). They often occur sympatrically and may share the same habitat, sometimes even the same microhabitat. C. chaldaeus typically is less abundant and occurs closer to the seaward margin of its habitat.
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Conus chenui Crosse, 1857
Pictures:
Picture Link: Syntype in MNHN Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten

Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio

Published in: J. Conchyl. 6 p. 381, pl. xi, f. 3-4
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: New Caledonia
Type Data: Syntype in MNHN deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 49.1 x 26.9 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym colour form of Conus ferrugineus Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAE
Genus:-Vituliconus Species:-ferrugineus chenui forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-New Caledonia, Philippines
Habitat:-Intertidal to about 50 m; on sand, often under coral or on sand with algae.
Description:-Source Living Conidae C. ferrugineus
C. f. chenui spiral rows of dark brown axial markings New Caledonia/Philippines
Discussion:- No data
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Conus chiangi Azuma, 1972
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in BRIT Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten

Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio

Published in: Venus 31, p. 56, text f. 5 & 6.
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: South China Sea; ca. 200 fathoms
Type Data: Holotype in BRIT deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 17.8 x 10 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Taranteconus Species:-chiangi
Synonyms:- lamellatus Suzuki, 1972
Geographic Range:-Japan to Philippines, New Caledonia
Habitat:-In 200-400 m, on dead coral and rubble
Description:-Source Living Conidae
Small, light to moderately light. Last whorl usually conical; outline almost straight, slightly convex below shoulder. Shoulder and late postnuclear whorls with sharp, upward- pointing, hollow marginal spines, extending slightly below shoulder as costae. Spire of moderate height to high; outline straight to slightly concave. Larval shell of about 3 whorls, maximum diameter 0.8-0.9 mm. Early postnuclear whorls tuberculate. Teleoconch sutural ramps concave, with 1 increasing to 3-6 spiral grooves; spiral sculpture sometimes obsolete. Last whorl with spiral ribs separated by wider grooves, from base to shoulder; sometimes with collabral costae extending entire length of last whorl, especially toward outer lip.
Ground colour white to grey or beige. Last whorl with broad brownish grey and brown spiral bands leaving a broad, lighter central band. Overlying spiral rows of alternating brown and white dots and dashes on ribs from base to shoulder. Larval whorls white. Teleoconch sutural ramps with fine radial brown lines or blotches extending across outer margins. Aperture white.
Shell Morphometry
L 16-25 mm
RW 0.05-0.09 g/mm
RD 0.62-0.71
PMD 0.86-0.95
RSH 0.15-0.26
Discussion:-
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Conus chiapponorum Lorenz, F., 2004
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in MNHN Image MNHN

Picture Link: Paul Kersten

Published in: Visaya 1(2), p. 20
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Ft Dauphin to Lavanono, Madagascar.
Type Data: Holotype in MNHN deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 41 x 22 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Textilia Species:-chiapponorum
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-Southern Madagascar
Habitat:-Probably upper sublitoral zone.
Description:-Source Original description.
The holotype is a fresh specimen with a slightly eroded apex, hut complete hody sculpture and color pattern. It is rather heavy- shelled, narrow, ventricosely conical, with straight sides and a rounded shoulder. The spire is shallow and slightly concave. The ground color is pinkish-white with greenish- brown mottling, the interior is purple. There are numerous fine transverse lines with irregular intermitted white specks. These lines vary in thickness and are unevenly distributed over the last whorl. The shoulder has a pink to purple ground color, profusely mottled and striped with white and brown. There is a slightly paler transverse band in the anterior third. In paratype 3, the dotted transverse bands are confined to this band, the rest of the brown-tinted body whorl leaves only few pinkish-white freckles. Paratype 4 has a taller spire than the others, the darker dorsal freckling is sparser than in the others.
Discussion:-
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Conus chinoi Shikama, 1970
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in NSMT Mike Filmer

Published in: Venus vol. xxix, no. 4, p. 115, text f. 1-4
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Ogokuda, Shionomisaki, Wakayama Pref., Japan
Type Data: Holotype in NSMT deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 32 x 17.6 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym of Conus distans Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792
Current Group Names:-
Not appropriate for the name chinoi

Discussion: Desription based on a juvenile specimen of Conus distans Hwass, 1792

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Conus cholmondeleyi Melvill, 1900
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in MMMU Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: J. Conchol. ix, no. 10, pp. 305, 309, text-fig.
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Not known
Type Data: Holotype in MMMU deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 43 x 18 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus textile Linnaeus, 1758
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Cylinder Species:-textile cholmondeleyi forma
Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms
Geographic Range:-
Habitat:-Intertidal to about 50 m; on coral reef from the reef crest to deeper water inside the lagoon and sometimes also on flats of mainland coasts.
Description:-Source Living Conidae. C. textile.
C. cholmondeyi conoid cylindrical to ventrociosely conical; ground color white to brownish beige or violet, streaked with blue;very dark pattern with fine lines almost parallel not producing tents with bluish flammules giving dark grey color;
Discussion:-No Data
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Conus chusaki da Motta, 1978
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in MHNG Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Natural Study (Thai). 2, no. 1, seq. 7, p. 8. figs.
Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific
Type Locality: Off Raya Is., Phuket, Thailand; 80-120 ft
Type Data: Holotype in MHNG deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 65 x 30 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: Synonym of Conus floridus Sowerby ii, 1858 which is a synonym of Conus striatus L. 1758
Current Group Names:-
Not appropriate for the name chusaki
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Conus chytreus Tryon, 1884
Pictures:
Picture Link: Holotype in NMWC Mike Filmer
Picture Link: Paul Kersten

Radula Picture: Manuel Tenorio & Emilio Rolán

Published in: Man. Conch. vi, p. 17, pl. 27, f. 1
Ocean geography: East Atlantic and West Africa
Type Locality: Designated (CMW) Lucira Bay, Angola
Type Data: Holotype in NMWC deposited and catalogued
Type Size: 16.6 x 10 mm
Nomenclature: An available name
Taxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-
Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE
Genus:-Varioconus Species:-chytreus
Synonyms:- lucirensis Paes-da Franca, 1957
Geographic Range:-Angola
Habitat:-Zone of calm shallow water, to 1 m depth, buried in fine sand with shell grits.
Description:-Source Röckel & Rolan 2000
Shell description: Small to moderately small, moderately solid. Last whorl ovate to broadly ovate, slightly pyriform. Outline convex at ad apical half and slightly concave below. Shoulder rounded. Spire of low to moderate height, outline straight or sigmoid. Teleoconch sutural ramps convex, usually with numerous spiral striae. Last whorl smooth and dull, with about 10 spiral ribs at base. Ground colour white, shoulder with a wide brown band down to sub shoulder area, last whorl with continuous brown spiral lines. Lines may be fine or broad, spaced or closely arranged. Base usually brown. Aperture white inside.Periostracum thin, smooth, translucent.
Shell morphometry:
L 19-32 mm
RD 0.62-0.71
RSH 0.08-0.16
PMD 0.69-0.72
RW 0.14 g/mm