Background to the Scientific Revolution
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Bu səhifədəki naviqasiya:
Toward a New Heaven: A Revolution in Astronomy
Jonannes Kepler (2571-1630)
Isaac Newton (1642-1727)
Women in the Origins of Modern Science
Querelles de Femmes
The Scientific Method
Science and Religion in the Seventeenth Century
The Spread of Scientific Knowledge
Background
to the Scientific Revolution
Background to the Scientific Revolution
Medieval Reliance on Classical Authority
Contradictions
Artists rely upon observation of nature and make accurate renderings
Technological innovations
Mathematics
Magic
Toward a New Heaven: A Revolution in Astronomy
Claudius Ptolemy and Aristotle
Geocentric Universe
Christianized Ptolemaic Universe
Copernicus (1473-1543)
Copernicus (1473-1543)
On the Revolutions
of the Heavenly Spheres
Heliocentric Universe
Retains Ptolemy’s epicycles
Reaction of the Church
Tycho Brahe (1546-1601)
Compromise with ideas of Copernicus and Ptolemy
Uraniborg Castle
Observations
Jonannes Kepler (2571-1630)
Jonannes Kepler (2571-1630)
“Music of the Spheres”
Three Laws of Planetary Motion
Orbits of planets elliptical
Speed of planets
Planets with large orbits revolve slower than those with smaller orbits
Galileo Galilei (1564-1642)
Telescope
The
Starry Messenger
, 1610
Trial before the Inquisition
Dialogue on the Two Chief World Systems:
Ptolemaic and Copernican
, 1632
Laws of Motion
Isaac Newton (1642-1727)
Isaac Newton (1642-1727)
Invents calculus
Principia
Laws of Motion
Mathematical proof of the law of gravity and that the universe operates according to universal laws
Advances in Medicine
Advances of Galen
Animal
dissection
Four humors
Disease an imbalance of humors
Paracelsus (1493-1541)
Paracelsus (1493-1541)
Medicine as chemistry
“Like cures like”
Andreas Vesalius (1514-1564)
Human dissection
On the Fabric of the Human Body
, 1543
Corrects Galen
Women in the Origins of Modern Science
Influence of humanism on female scholarship
Informal education
Exclusion from universities
Margaret Cavendish (1623-1673)
Margaret Cavendish (1623-1673)
Observations
upon Experimental Philosophy
Ground of Natural Philosophy
Attacks rationalist and empiricist approaches to science
Maria Sibylla Merian (1647-1717)
Wonderful Metamorphosis and Special Nourishment of Caterpillars
Metamorphosis of the Insects of Surinam
Maria Winklemann (1670-1720)
Astronomer
Rejection of the Berlin Academy
Querelles de Femmes
Querelles de Femmes
Male perception of the inferiority of women
Women
reject the argument
Science used to support old, traditional views on women
Toward a New Earth: Descartes, Rationalism, and a New View
René Descrtes (1596-1650)
Discourse on Method
Rejection of the senses
“I think, therefore I am”
Separation of mind and matter
Rationalism
The
Scientific Method
The Scientific Method
Francis Bacon (1561-1626)
The Great Instauration
Inductive Reasoning (empiricism)
Practical rather than pure science
René Descartes
Deductive Reasoning
Isaac Newton
Synthesized Bacon’s empiricism with Descartes’ rationalism into the scientific method
Science and Religion in the Seventeenth Century
Science and Religion in the Seventeenth Century
Example
of Galileo
Split between Science and Religion
New synthesis
Benedict de Spinoza (1632-1677)
Excommunicated from Amsterdam Synagogue
Panentheism (monism)
All that is is in God, and nothing can be apart from God
Using reason to find true happiness
Blaise Pacal (1623-1662)
Pensées (
The Thoughts
)
Convert rationalists to Christianity
Limits
of science and reason
The Spread of Scientific Knowledge
The Spread of Scientific Knowledge
Scientific Societies
The Royal Society of England
The Royal Academy of France
Scientific Journals
Journal des Savants
Philosophical Transactions
Science
and Society
Acceptance through Practicality
Science as a means of economic progress and social stability
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