B e-electronics and communication engineering
UNIT III DETECTION OF SIGNALS IN NOISE
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UNIT III DETECTION OF SIGNALS IN NOISE Introduction – Matched –Filter Receiver –Detection Criteria – Detectors –-Automatic Detector - Integrators - Constant-False-Alarm Rate Receivers - The Radar operator - Signal Management - Propagation Radar Waves - Atmospheric Refraction -Standard Propagation - Nonstandard Propagation - The Radar Antenna - Reflector Antennas - Electronically Steered Phased Array Antennas - Phase Shifters – Frequency Scan Arrays. Radar Transmitters- Introduction –Linear Beam Power Tubes - Solid State RF Power Sources - Magnetron - Crossed Field Amplifiers - Other RF Power Sources - Other aspects of Radar Transmitter. Radar Receivers - The Radar Receiver - Receiver noise Figure - Superheterodyne Receiver - Duplexers and Receiver Protectors- Radar Displays. UNIT IV METHODS OF NAVIGATION 9 Introduction - Introduction - Four methods of Navigation. Radio Direction Finding - The Loop Antenna - Loop Input Circuits - An Aural Null Direction Finder - The Goniometer - Errors in Direction Finding - Adcock Direction Finders - Direction Finding at Very High Frequencies - Automatic Direction Finders - The Commutated Aerial Direction Finder - Range and Accuracy of Direction Finders. Radio Ranges - The LF/MF Four course Radio Range - VHF Omni Directional Range(VOR) - VOR Receiving Equipment - Range and Accuracy of VOR - Recent Developments. Hyperbolic Systems of Navigation (Loran and Decca) - Loran-A - Loran-A Equipment - Range and precision of Standard Loran - Loran-C - The Decca Navigation System - Decca Receivers - Range and Accuracy of Decca - The Omega System. UNIT V NAVIGATION SYSTEMS 9 DME and TACAN - Distance Measuring Equipment - Operation of DME - TACAN - TACAN Equipment. Aids to Approach and Landing - Instrument Landing System - Ground Controlled Approach System - Microwave Landing System(MLS). Doppler Navigation - The Doppler Effect - Beam Configurations -Doppler Frequency Equations - Track Stabilization - Doppler Spectrum - Components of the Doppler Navigation System - Doppler range Equation - Accuracy of Doppler Navigation Systems. Inertial Navigation - Principles of Operation - Navigation Over the Earth - Components of an Inertial Navigation System - Earth Coordinate Mechanization - Strapped-Down Systems - Accuracy of Inertial Navigation Systems. Satellite Navigation System - The Transit System - Navstar Global Positioning System (GPS). TOTAL 45 TEXT BOOKS
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11UECE016 RF MEMS 3 0 0 3 OBJECTIVES At the end of the course the student should be able
UNIT I MEMS AND RADIO MEMS 9 Introduction – RF mems configurations – micro fabrication for MEMS – electromechanical transducer –Microsensor for mems –metal and metal alloys for mems – polymer for MEMS- others materials for MEMEs UNIT II RF MEMS SWITCHES AND RELAYS 9 Mechanical switches-Electronics switches-Swictes for RF – Electrrostatic switching-Electromagnetic switching- Thermal switching- Magneticactuation in micro relays –Reply contact force and materials – MEMS switch – design consideration. UNIT III MEMS INDUCTORS AND CAPACITORS 9 Self inductance and mutual inductance- micro machined inductors – Effect of inductor layout – reduction of stray capacitance of planar inductor – improving Q factor – Variable inductor – MEMS gap – tining capacitors- MEME area tuning capacitors- dielectric tunable inductors UNIT IV Micro machined RF filter and PHASE shifters 9 Modeling of reasonators- Mechanical coupling components – general considerations for mechanical filter – surface acoustic wave filers operation wave propagation in piezoelectric substrates-design of interdigital transducers-single phase unidirectional transducers –saw devices;capabilities, limitations and applicatiob. Ferrite phase shiters-semiconductor phase shifters –ferroelectric thin flim phase shifters- limitations of phase shifters- MEMS phase shifters-Ferroelectric pahse shifters UNIT V MICROMACHINED TRANSMISSION LINES AND ANTENNA 9 Introduction-micromachined transmission lines and components –deisgn , fabrication and measurements . overview of microstrip antenna-micromaching technioques to improve antenna performance – micromaching as a fabrication process for small antenna – micromachined reconfigurable antenna . TOTAL 45 TEXT BOOKS
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11UECE017 MICROWAVE INTEGRATED CIRCUITS 3 0 0 3 OBJECTIVE At the end of the course the student should be able
UNIT I TECHNOLOGY OF HYBRID MICS 9 Dielectric substrates-thick film technology and materials-thin film technology and materials-methods of testing-encapsulation of devices for MICs-mounting of active devices. UNIT II TECHNOLOGY OF MONOLITHIC MICS 9 Processes involved in fabrication-epitaxial growth of semiconductor layer-growth of dielectric layer-diffusion-ion implantation- electron beam technology UNIT III ANALYSIS OF MICROSTRIP LINE 9 Methods of conformal transformation – numerical method for analysis- hybrid mode analysis-coupled mode analysis – method of images-losses in microstrips. UNIT IV COUPLED MICROSTIRP SLOT LINE AND COPLANAR WAVEGUIDES 9 Coupled microstrips – even and odd mode analysis – micro directional coupler – branch line coupler –periodic branch line coupler – synchronous branch line coupler UNIT V LUMPED ELEMENTS AND NON –RECIPROCAL COMPONENTS 9 Design and fabrication using microstrip – Flat resistors – fat inductors – inter digit capacitors – sandwich capacitors-ferromagnetic substrates for non reciprocal devices- microstrip circulators- latching circulators- isolators – phase shifter TOTAL 45 TEXT BOOK
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11UECE018 WIRELESS NETWORKS 3 0 0 3 OBJECTIVES At the end of the course the student should be able
UNIT I PHYSICAL AND WIRELESS MAC LAYER ALTERNATIVES 9 Wired transmission techniques: design of wireless modems, power efficiency, out of band radiation, applied wireless transmission techniques, short distance base band transmission, UWB pulse transmission, broad Modems for higher speeds, diversity and smart receiving techniques, random access for data oriented networks, integration of voice and data traffic. UNIT II WIRELESS NETWORK PLANNING AND OPERATION 9 Wireless networks topologies, cellular topology, cell fundamentals signal to interference ratio calculation, capacity expansion techniques, cell splitting, use of directional antennas for cell sectoring, micro cell method, overload cells, channels allocation techniques and capacity expansion FCA, channel borrowing techniques, DCA, mobility management, radio resources and power management ,securities in wireless networks. UNIT III WIRELESS WAN 9 Mechanism to support a mobile environment, communication in the infrastructure, IS-95 CDMA forward channel, IS – 95 CDMA reverse channel, packet and frame formats in IS – 95, IMT – 2000; forward channel in W-CDMA and CDMA 2000, reverse channels in W-CDMA and CDMA-2000, GPRS and higher data rates, short messaging service in GPRS ,mobile application protocols. UNIT IV WIRELESS LAN 9 Historical overviews of the LAN industry, evolution of the WLAN industry, wireless home networking, IEEE 802.11. The PHY Layer, MAC Layer, wireless ATM, HYPER LAN, HYPER LAN – 2. UNIT V WPAN AND GEOLOCATION SYSTEMS 9 IEEE 802.15 WPAN, Home RF, Bluetooth, interface between Bluetooth and 802.11, wireless geolocation technologies for wireless geolocation, geolocation standards for E.911 service. TOTAL 45 TEXT BOOKS
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11UECE019 TELECOMMUNICATION SWITCHING AND NETWORKS 3 0 0 3 OBJECTIVES At the end of the course the student should be able
UNIT I MULTIPLEXING 9 Transmission Systems, FDM Multiplexing and modulation, Time Division Multiplexing, Digital Transmission and Multiplexing: Pulse Transmission, Line Coding, Binary N-Zero Substitution, Digital Biphase, Differential Encoding, Time Division Multiplexing, Time Division Multiplex Loops and Rings. SONET/SDH: SONET Multiplexing Overview, SONET Frame Formats - SONET Operations, Administration and Maintenance, Payload Framing and Frequency Justification, Virtual Tributaries, DS3 Payload Mapping, E4 Payload Mapping, SONET Optical Standards, SONET Networks. SONET Rings: Unidirectional Path-Switched Ring, Bidirectional Line-Switched Ring.
Switching Functions, Space Division Switching, Time Division Switching, two-dimensional switching: STS Switching, TST Switching, No.4 ESS Toll Switch, Digital Cross-Connect Systems, Digital Switching in an Analog Environment- Elements of SSN07 signaling. UNIT III NETWORK SYNCHRONIZATION CONTROL AND MANAGEMENT 9 Timing: Timing Recovery: Phase-Locked Loop, Clock Instability, Jitter Measurements, Systematic Jitter. Timing Inaccuracies: Slips, Asynchronous Multiplexing, Network Synchronization, U.S. Network Synchronization, Network Control, Network Management. UNIT IV DIGITAL SUBSCRIBER ACCESS 9 ISDN: ISDN Basic Rate Access Architecture, ISDN U Interface, ISDN D Channel Protocol. High-Data-Rate Digital Subscriber Loops: Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line, VDSL. Digital Loop Carrier Systems: Universal Digital Loop Carrier Systems, Integrated Digital Loop Carrier Systems, Next-Generation Digital Loop Carrier, Fiber in the Loop, Hybrid Fiber Coax Systems, Voice band Modems: PCM Modems, Local Microwave Distribution Service, Digital Satellite Services. UNIT V TRAFFIC ANALYSIS 9 Traffic Characterization: Arrival Distributions, Holding Time Distributions, Loss Systems, Network Blocking Probabilities: End-to-End Blocking Probabilities, Overflow Traffic, Delay Systems: Exponential service Times, Constant Service Times, Finite Queues. TOTAL 45 Textbooks
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11UECE020 SATELLITE COMMUNICATION 3 0 0 3 OBJECTIVES At the end of the course the student should be able
UNIT I OVERVIEWOF SATELLITE SYSTEMS, ORBITS AND LAUNCHING METHODS 9 Introduction – Frequency Allocations for Satellite Services – Intelsat – U.S.Domsats – Polar Orbiting Satellites – Problems – Kepler’s First Law – Kepler’s Second Law – Kepler’s Third Law – Definitions of Terms for Earth-orbiting Satellites – Orbital Elements – Apogee and Perigee Heights – Orbital Perturbations – Effects of a Nonspherical Earth – Atmospheric Drag – Inclined Orbits – Calendars – Universal Time – Julian Dates – Sidereal Time – The Orbital Plane – The Geocentric-Equatorial Coordinate System – Earth Station Referred to the IJK Frame – The Topcentric-Horizon Co-ordinate System – The Sub-satellite Point – Predicting Satellite Position. UNIT II GEOSTATIONARY ORBIT & SPACE SEGMENT 9 Introduction – Antenna Look Angels – The Polar Mount Antenna – Limits of Visibility – Near Geostationary Orbits – Earth Eclipse of Satellite – Sun Transit Outage – Launching Orbits – Problems – Power Supply – Attitude Control – Spinning Satellite Stabilization – Momentum Wheel Stabilization – Station Keeping – Thermal Control – TT&C Subsystem – Transponders – Wideband Receiver – Input Demultiplexer – Power Amplifier – Antenna Subsystem – Morelos – Anik-E – Advanced Tiros-N Spacecraft. UNIT III EARTH SEGMENT & SPACE LINK 9 Introduction – Receive-Only Home TV Systems – Outdoor Unit – Indoor Unit for Analog (FM) TV – Master Antenna TV System – Community Antenna TV System – Transmit-Receive Earth Stations – Problems – Equivalent Isotropic Radiated Power – Transmission Losses – Free-Space Transmission – Feeder Losses – Antenna Misalignment Losses – Fixed Atmospheric and Ionospheric Losses – Link Power Budget Equation – System Noise – Antenna Noise – Amplifier Noise Temperature – Amplifiers in Cascade – Noise Factor – Noise Temperature of Absorptive Networks – Overall System Noise Temperature – Carrier-to-Noise Ratio – Uplink – Saturation Flux Density – Input Back Off – The Earth Station HPA – Downlink – Output Back off – Satellite TWTA Output – Effects of Rain – Uplink rain-fade margin – Downlink rain-fade margin – Combined Uplink and Downlink C/N Ratio – Intermodulation Noise. UNIT IV SATELLITE ACCESS 9 Single Access – Preassigned FDMA, Demand-Assigned FDMA, SPADE System. Bandwidth-limited a Power-limited TWT amplifier operation, FDMA downlink analysis. TDMA : Reference Burst; Preamble and Postamble, Carrier recovery, Network synchronization, unique word detection, Traffic Date, Frame Efficiency and Channel capacity, preassigned TDMA, Demand assigned TDMA, Speech Interpolation and Prediction, Downlink analysis for Digital transmission. Companion of uplink Power requirements for FDMA & TDMA. On-board signal Processing for TDMA / FDMA operation, Satellite switched TDMA. Code-Division Multiple Access – Direct-Sequence spread spectrum – code signal c(t) – autocorrelation function for c(t) – Acquisition and trackling – Spectrum spreading and dispreading – CDMA throughput – Problems – Satellite in networks Network Layers – TCP Link – Satellite Links and TCP – Enhancing TCP Over Satellite Channels Using Standard Mechanisms (RFC-2488) – Requests for comments – Split TCP connections – Asymmetric Channels – Proposed Systems.
Introduction – Orbital Spacings – Power Rating and Number of Transponders – Frequencies and Polarization – Transponder Capacity – Bit Rates for Digital Television – MPEG Compression Standards – Forward Error Correction – Home Receiver Outdoor Unit (ODU) – Home Receiver Indoor Unit (IDU) – Downlink Analysis – Uplink -Problems - Satellite Mobile Services – VSATs – Radarsat – Global Positioning Satellite System – Orbcomm. TOTAL 45 TEXT BOOKS
REFERENCE BOOKS
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11UECE021 OPTO ELECTRONIC DEVICES 3 0 0 3 OBJECTIVES At the end of the course the student should be able
UNIT I ELEMENTS OF LIGHT AND SOLID STATE PHYSICS 9 Wave nature of light, Polarization, Interference, Diffraction, Light Source, review of Quantum Mechanical concept, Review of Solid State Physics, Review of Semiconductor Physics and Semiconductor Junction Device. UNIT II DISPLAY DEVICES AND LASERS 9 Introduction, Photo Luminescence, Cathode Luminescence, Electro Luminescence, Injection Luminescence, Injection Luminescence, LED, Plasma Display, Liquid Crystal Displays, Numeric Displays, Laser Emission, Absorption, Radiation, Population Inversion, Optical Feedback, Threshold condition, Laser Modes, Classes of Lasers, Mode Locking, laser applications. UNIT III OPTICAL DETECTION DEVICES 9 Photo detector, Thermal detector, Photo Devices, Photo Conductors, Photo diodes, Detector Performance. UNIT IV OPTOELECTRONIC MODULATOR 9 Introduction, Analog and Digital Modulation, Electro-optic modulators, Magneto Optic Devices, Acousto -Optic devices, Optical, Switching and Logic Devices. UNIT V OPTOELECTRONIC INTEGRATED CIRCUITS 9 Introduction, hybrid and Monolithic Integration, Application of Opto Electronic Integrated Circuits, Integrated transmitters and Receivers, Guided wave devices. TOTAL 45 TEXTBOOKS
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11UECE022 REMOTE SENSING 3 0 0 3 OBJECTIVES At the end of the course the student should be able
UNIT I REMOTE SENSING 9 Definition – Components of Remote Sensing – Energy, Sensor, Interacting Body - Active and Passive Remote Sensing – Platforms – Aerial and Space Platforms – Balloons, Helicopters, Aircraft and Satellites – Synoptivity and Repetivity – Electro Magnetic Radiation (EMR) – EMR spectrum – Visible, Infra Red (IR), Near IR, Middle IR, Thermal IR and Microwave – Black Body Radiation - Planck’s law – Stefan-Boltzman law. UNIT II EMR INTERACTION WITH ATMOSPHERE AND EARTH MATERIALS 9 Atmospheric characteristics – Scattering of EMR – Rayleigh, Mie, Non-selective and Raman Scattering – EMR Interaction with Water vapour and ozone – Atmospheric Windows – Significance of Atmospheric windows – EMR interaction with Earth Surface Materials – Radiance, Irradiance, Incident, Reflected, Absorbed and Transmitted Energy – Reflectance – Specular and Diffuse Reflection Surfaces- Spectral Signature – Spectral Signature curves – EMR interaction with water, soil and Earth Surface:Imaging spectrometry and spectral characteristics. UNIT III OPTICAL AND MICROWAVE REMOTE SENSING 9 Satellites - Classification – Based on Orbits and Purpose – Satellite Sensors - Resolution – Description of Multi Spectral Scanning – Along and Across Track Scanners – Description of Sensors in Landsat, SPOT, IRS series – Current Satellites - Radar – Speckle - Back Scattering – Side Looking Airborne Radar – Synthetic Aperture Radar – Radiometer – Geometrical characteristics ; Sonar remote sensing systems. Yüklə 0,7 Mb. Dostları ilə paylaş:
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