Agaricaceae Fr. (Agaricales, Basidiomycota) from areas of Atlantic Forest in Pernambuco, Brazil 1

Acta bot. bras. 22(1): 287-299. 2008.

293

by broad germ pore in side view, strongly dextrinoid,

metachromatic, smooth, thick-walled, hyaline.

Hymenial structure not recovered. Pileipellis with loose

sphaerocysts 28-40×20-35 µm and cylindrical elements

45-100×7.5-15 µm, with all elements hyaline.

Habitat: solitary on soil and leaves in tropical forest.

Material examined: BRAZIL. Pernambuco:

Recife, Mata de Dois Irmãos, 4/II/2004, B.T. Goto

et al. s.n. (URM 78665).

Distribution: Southern parts of North America

(Morgan 1907; Smith & Weber 1982; Kimbrough 2000),

Sri Lanka (Pegler 1972; 1986), Galapagos Islands (Reid

et al. 1981), Lesser Antilles (Pegler 1983), Japan

(Hongo 1986), Italy (Ballero & Contu 1991), Vietnam

(Patouillard 1892; Yang 2000). Brazil: Rio Grande do

Sul (Theissen 1912; Albuquerque et al. 2006), Rondônia

(Capelari & Maziero 1988), São Paulo (Pegler 1997).

This is the first record for Pernambuco.

Remarks: This is a very delicate species, with a

widespread tropical distribution, easily recognized by

its yellowish squamules, sub-deliquescent basidioma and

size and shape of the basidiospores (Pegler 1983).

7. Lepiota elaiophylla Vellinga & Huijser, Bol. Gr.

Micol. G. Bres. 40: 462. 1997.

Fig. 25-29

Pileus 13-15 mm wide, plane-convex with small

but conspicuous umbo, brown (M&P 14F8 “Mosul”)

over disc, otherwise brown surface disrupting into small

squamules on cream (M&P 9D2 “Cream”) ground,

with remnants of veil on margin. Lamellae free,

membranous, close, lemon yellow (M&P 19K2 “Citron-

Green”). Stipe 22-23×1-2.5 mm, central, cylindrical,

concolorous with pileus, with brown (M&P 14F8

“Mosul”) squamules, lacking true annulus, white

rhizomorphs present. Context thin, fleshy. Smell

sweetish. Basidiospores 6-7.5×2.5-3.8 µm, on average

6.8×3.5 µm, Q = (1.5-)1.67-2.5(-3), ellipsoid to sub-

cylindrical in side view, some with slight suprahilar

depression, dextrinoid, thin-walled, hyaline. Basidia 15-

20×6-7.5 µ m, clavate, 4 sterigmata. Pleurocystidia

absent. Cheilocystidia 17.5-27.5×5-10 µm, clavate to

occasionally sub-fusoid, thin-walled, hyaline. Pileipellis

a trichoderm, with terminal elements 30-190×

8.5-17 µm, cylindrical to sub-fusoid, erect to sub-erect,

moderately thick-walled, with yellowish brown

intracellular content. Hymenophoral trama sub-regular.

Clamp-connections present.

Habitat: solitary on soil among litter in tropical forest.

Material examined: BRAZIL. Pernambuco:

Recife, Mata de Dois Irmãos, 31/VII/2003, I.G. Baseia

et al. s.n. (URM 78654).

Distribution: in greenhouses in Europe (Breitenbach

& Kranzlin 1995 as L. xanthophylla; Vellinga &

Huijser 1997; Pidlich-Aigner et al. 2001), probably East

Africa (Pegler 1977, but see Vellinga & Huijser 1997).

Brazil: Paraná (de Meijer 2006). This species is

reported for the first time from Pernambuco.

Remarks: The material differs from Lepiota

xanthophylla P.D. Orton mainly by the absence of a

layer of clavate elements in the pileipellis (Vellinga &

Huijser 1997). The Brazilian collection agrees with the

description of L. xanthophylla sensu Pegler (1977),

particularly in spore size. Vellinga & Huijser (1997)

suggested that Pegler’s East African material may be

L. elaiophylla Vellinga & Huijser, mainly by the shape

of the cheilocystidia and size and shape of the pileipellis

hyphae.

Other species with yellowish lamellae and clamps

on hyphae occur in the Neotropics: L. parvispora

Dennis from Venezuela (Dennis 1961), L. flavidocana

Pegler from the Lesser Antilles (Pegler 1983) and L.

xanthophylloides Singer from Pará State, North Brazil

(Singer 1973 as L. xanthophylla). However, all of

them are reported to bear spores predominantly or

entirely lesser than 6 µm long. In L. ochraceolamellata

Dennis, clamp-connections are absent (Dennis 1961).

Other species cited by Vellinga & Huijser (1997) are

reported by them as poorly documented, mostly

regarding to the presence or absence of clamp-

connections and structure of the pileipellis.

Recent molecular studies report that Lepiota

elaiophylla, L. subincarnata J.E. Lange and

L. brunneoincarnata Chodat & Martín belong to a

group containing amanitin (Vellinga 2003b), the same

mycotoxin found in Amanita phalloides and allies

(Lampe 1979).

Lepiota elaiophylla was previously reported from

greenhouses (Vellinga & Huijser 1997). In this work,

it is reported for the second time in a natural habitat

from the Neotropics.

8. Lepiota erythrosticta (Berk. & Broome) Sacc., Syll.

Fung. 5: 62. 1887.

Agaricus erythrostictus Berk. & Broome, Journ. Linn.

Soc. Bot. 11: 508. 1871.

Fig. 30-34

Pileus 4-14 mm wide, subglobose to plane, obtusely

umbonate; pink (M&P 3C10 “Congo Pink+”) over disc,

otherwise with surface disrupting into small squamules

on white ground; margin entire, not sulcate. Lamellae

free, membranous, crowded, white. Stipe 24-38×

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Wartchow, Putzke & Cavalcanti: Agaricaceae Fr. (Agaricales, Basidiomycota) from areas of Atlantic forest in...

294

2-3 mm, cylindrical, with pink (M&P 6L9 “Garnet

Brown”) squamules on white surface; rhizomorphs

present. Annulus ephemeral, sub-apical. Basidiospores

6-8.3×2.5-3.5 µ m, on average 7.5×3 µ m,

Q = (1.5-)1.76-3(-3.5), spurred, with truncate base,

dextrinoid, smooth, thin-walled, hyaline. Basidia

15-20×5-6.2 µ m, clavate, 2 or 4 sterigmata.

Pleurocystidia absent. Cheilocystidia inconspicuous,

30-38×6-10 µm, clavate or fusoid, thin-walled, hyaline.

Pileipellis as trichoderm, with terminal elements

30-105×8-15(-17.5) µm, fusoid, clavate to cylindrical,

sometimes capitate, ranging from having light yellowish

brown intracellular pigment to being nearly colourless,

with wall slightly thickened. Hymenophoral trama

regular. Clamp-connections present.

Habitat: solitary on soil in tropical forest.

Material examined: BRAZIL. Pernambuco:

Recife, Mata de Dois Irmãos, 4/II/2004, T.B. Gibertoni

et al. s.n. (URM 78661; HCB 18235).

Additional material examined: BRAZIL.

Pernambuco: Recife, Campus UFPE, 5/VI/1995,

J. Kimbrough & J. Kimbrough s.n. (URM 75744).

Distribution: Sri Lanka (Pegler 1972; 1986), Papua

New Guinea (Horak 1980), Trinidad (Dennis 1952),

Martinique, Guadeloupe, Trinidad and West Africa

(Pegler 1983). Brazil: Pernambuco (Kimbrough et al.

1995), Paraná (de Meijer 2001).

Remarks: Lepiota erythrosticta belongs to the

group with Lepiota having spurred spores and

elongate elements in the pileipellis (Horak 1980).

Pereira (2000) reported five species with this spore

shape, all from southern Brazil, and two have similar

pileus surface colour: L. pyrrhaes (Berk. & Broome)

Sacc., with shorter squamules hyphae (Horak 1980);

and L. apicepigmentata A.B. Pereira with filiform

hyphae having dark pigment at their apex (Pereira

1998; 2000).

The purplish colour indicated by Dennis (1952)

and Pegler (1972; 1983; 1986) for L. erythrosticta,

was not observed in the Brazilian material, but Horak

(1980) reported that the colour of the cap surface turns

pink in mature basidiomata.

Horak (1980) did not accept the distribution of

L. erythrosticta from the Caribbean, as indicated by

Dennis (1952), restricting the present species to

Indomalaya and Australasia. Nevertheless, Pegler

(1983) reported this species from the Lesser Antilles,

and Kimbrough et al. (1995) and de Meijer (2001)

reported it from Brazil, confirming the occurrence of

this species in the Neotropics.

9. Micropsalliota brunneosperma (Singer) Pegler in

Pegler & Rayner, Kew Bull. 23: 369. 1969.

Lepiota brunneosperma Singer, Lilloa 25: 279. 1952.

Fig. 35-39

Entire basidioma dark purplish brown in dried

specimens. Pileus 32 mm wide, convex, umbonate, with

surface purple (M&P 3G1 “Corinthian Pink”) over disc,

disrupting into very small squamules on greyish brown

(M&P 12A2 “Moonmist”) background, with margin

not sulcate and not striate. Lamellae free, membranous,

close, brown (M&P 7A12 “Cochin, Moccasin+, Argus

Brown”). Stipe 56×4 mm, central, cylindrical above,

attenuate at base, pale cream (M&P 9B2 “Polar Bear”),

with dark brown (M&P 8E9 “Negro”) fibrillose

squamules, mainly at base. Annulus persistent, pale

cream (M&P 9B2 “Polar Bear”) with brown (M&P

8A10 “Sepia”) margin, membranous. Context thin,

fleshy, unchanging. Basidiospores 4.6-6.2×2.5-4 µm,

on average 5.2×3.2 µ m, Q = (1.25-).47-1.92(-2),

amygdaliform in side view, smooth, with wall slightly

thickening at apex, dark green in KOH. Basidia

13.5-17.5×5-6 µm, clavate, 4 sterigmata. Pleurocystidia

absent. Cheilocystidia abundant, 25-50×2.5-5.5(-6) µm,

predominantly fusoid, some ventricose, capitate

(3.5-6 µm width), thin walled, hyaline. Pileipellis with

erect hyphae, with terminal elements 25-95×

5-17(-20) µm and having sub-acute apex and purplish-

brown contents. Hymenophoral trama regular. Clamp-

connections absent.

Habitat: solitary, on soil in a tropical forest.

Material examined: BRAZIL. Pernambuco:

Recife, Mata de Dois Irmãos, 4/II/2004, B.T. Goto

et al. s.n. (URM 78658).

Distribution: Argentina (Singer & Digilio 1952;

Pegler 1977), Kenya (Pegler & Rayner 1969), Uganda,

Trinidad (Pegler 1977), Galapagos Islands (Reid et al.

1981). This is the first record of M. brunneosperma

from Brazil.

Remarks: Heinemann (1983) placed this complex

species in two distinct groups: Group IV, with pileus

(10-)20-70 mm wide, and Group III with smaller pileus,

2-20(-30) mm wide. He also considered the allied

Micropsalliota cephalocystis (Heinem.) Heinem. as

an independent species, in Group III. The latter species

was originally described as Agaricus cephalocystis

Heinem. from Trinidad, which was considered as

belonging to the subgenus Conioagaricus Heinem. It

was characterized by a delicate and sub-membranous

pileus, basidiospores 5.3-6.5×3.3-3.8 µm, and capitate

cheilocystidia 25-35×4-5.5 µm (Heinemann 1961).

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