A brief history of the English Language


English Speaking Countries 2023



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A brief history of the English Language

English Speaking Countries 2023
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CSV JSON


Country 

Is Primary?

De facto?

De jure?

Notes

Antigua And Barbuda

Yes

Yes

Yes




Australia

Yes

Yes

none




Bahamas

Yes

Yes

Yes

English-based creole dialect is widely spoken.

Barbados

Yes

Yes

Yes

Spoken dialect, Bajan, is heavily evolved.

Belize

Yes

Yes

Yes




Botswana

No (Setswana)

No

Yes (see note)

Two official: English and Tswana. English is official written language.

Burundi

No (Kirundi)

No

Yes (see note)

Three official: Kirundi, French, and English.

Cameroon

No

No

Yes

Two official: English and French, with dozens of languages spoken.

Canada

Yes (see note)

Yes

Yes

Primary except in Quebec.

Dominica

Yes

Yes

Yes




Eritrea

No

No

Yes (see note)

Three official: Tigrinya, Arabic, English.

Eswatini

No (Swazi)

No

Yes (see note)

Two official: English, Swazi

Fiji

No

No

Yes (see note)

Two official: Fijian and Hindi. Widespread lingua franca, business, and educational usage.

Gambia

No (Mandinka)

No

Yes

English is main official language for government and education.

Ghana

Many (see note)

Yes

Yes

Country has 80+ native languages, English is primary by default.

Grenada

Yes (see note)

Yes

Yes

Primary except in small French Creole population.

Guyana

Yes

Yes

Yes

Guyana is the only South American country to choose English as its official language.

India

No

No

Yes (see note)

Two official: Hindi, English. Neither is legally declared the national language.

Ireland

Yes

Yes

Yes (see note)

Two official: Irish, English.

Jamaica

Yes

Yes

Yes




Kenya

No (Kiswahili)

Yes

Yes (see note)

68 languages. English and Kiswahili are official, Kiswahili is national. English is primary in business and education.

Kiribati

No

No

Yes

Official.

Lesotho

No (Sesotho)

No

Yes (see note)

Two official: Sesotho, English.

Liberia

Many (see note)

Yes

Yes

20+ languages. English is primary by default.

Malawi

No

No

Yes (see note)

Two official: Chichewa, English.

Malta

No

No

Yes (see note)

Two official: Maltese, English.

Mauritius

No (Mauritian Creole)

No

Yes (see note)

English and French both named in Constitution.

Micronesia

No (Chuukese)

Yes

Yes

18+ languages. English is official language and lingua franca.

Namibia

No (Oshiwambo dialects)

No

Yes (see note)

13 national languages, including English.

New Zealand

Yes

Yes

none




Nigeria

Many (see note)

Yes

Yes

Country has 500+ native languages, English is primary by default.

Pakistan

No (Punjabi)

No

Yes (see note)

English is official and lingua franca.

Papua New Guinea

No (Tok Pisin)

No

Yes (see note)

Three official: Tok Pisin, English, Hiri Motu.

Philippines

No (Filipino)

No

Yes (see note)

Two official: Filipino, English.

Rwanda

No (Kinyarwanda)

No

Yes (see note)

Two official: Kinyarwanda, English.

Saint Kitts And Nevis

Yes

Yes

Yes

Main spoken dialect is English-based creole.

Saint Lucia

No (Creole French)

No

Yes




Saint Vincent And The Grenadines

Yes

Yes

Yes

English-based creole dialect is widely spoken.

Samoa

No

No

Yes (see note)

Two official: Samoan, English.

Seychelles

No (Seychellois Creole)

No

Yes (see note)

Two official: Seychellois Creole, English.

Sierra Leone

No (Krio)

Yes

Yes

Official and one of several lingua francas.

Singapore

Yes

Yes

No (Malay)

Two official: English, Mandarin. Widespread lingua franca, business, and educational usage.

Solomon Islands

No

Yes

Yes

120 native languages. English is official, but spoken by 1-2%

South Africa

No (Zulu)

No

Yes (see note)

One of 11 official languages. Also lingua franca in formal economy.

South Sudan

No (Nuer/Dinka)

No

Yes

More than 60 languages. English is lingua franca and official language.

Sudan

No (Arabic)

No

Yes (see note)

Two official: Arabic, English.

Tanzania

No

No

Yes (see note)

Two official: Kiswahili/Swahili, English.

Tonga

No (Tongan)

No

Yes (see note)

Two official: Tongan, English. nearly 90% of population speaks both.

Trinidad And Tobago

Yes

Yes

Yes

Multilple dialects, including two main creole variants.

Tuvalu

No (Tuvaluan)

No

Yes (see note)

Two official: Tuvaluan, English.

Uganda

No

No

Yes (see note)

Two official: English, Swahili. Many languages spoken.

United Kingdom

Yes

Yes

none




United States

Yes

Yes

none




Vanuatu

No

No

Yes (see note)

Three official: Bislama, English, French. 100+ local languages.

Zambia

No (Bemba)

No

Yes

70+ languages and dialects.

Zimbabwe

No (Shona)

No

Yes (see note)

16 official: Shona, Ndebele, English, + 13 minority languages.


English Speaking Countries 2023
Show Sources

  1. Languages - CIA World Factbook 2021

  2. List of majority native English speaking countries - University of Sheffield

  3. List of English-speaking countries - Northern Arizona University

  4. List of English-speaking countries - Purdue University

  5. List of countries and territories where English is an official language - Wiki

  6. List of countries by English-speaking population - Wiki

Sources
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