1. The Greek and the Biblical chronology

9. The mediaeval Frederick of Sicily as the “ancient” king Darius

Moving forwards along the “ancient” part of the time axis, we find the successor of Cambyses – the great Persian king Darius I Hystaspis (the alleged years 522-486 b.c. ([258], page 169). As for mediaeval history – we see Frederick II of Sicily as the successor of Charles II of Naples.

43a. The Middle Ages in the XIV century a.d. Frederick II of Sicily. His reign duration equals roughly 35 years (the alleged years 1302-1337 a.d., qv in [195], page 188(37)). He died in 1337 ([195], page 243). In 1302 Frederick II signs a truce with his enemy Charles II of Naples, thus acting as his de facto successor, whereas Darius I, his phantom double, acts as the successor of Cambyses. Frederick II is in direct relation to Greece, since he was proclaimed the leader of the Athenian Duchy ([195], page 214).

One has to be aware that what we are studying now is one of the murkiest epochs in mediaeval Greek history. As a result of this, the data provided by F. Gregorovius in [195] differ rather drastically from the ones offered by J. Blair in [76] – not merely in what concerns the reign durations of Neapolitan and Sicilian kings, but also their very order of succession! We shall adhere to the fundamental work of F. Gregorovius, since it is specifically dedicated to the epoch that interests us, and contains references to many mediaeval documents that aren’t reflected in Blair’s rather consise chronological tables at all.

43b. “Ancient” Greece. Darius I Hystaspis, King of Persia. The famous king Darius I Hystaspis had ruled for 36 years between the alleged years 522 and 486 b.c. ([76] and [258]) - virtually as long as Frederick II, who had ruled for 35 years. We see a very good correlation in reign durations.

44a. The name Friedrich (Frederick) transcribed as Fr-Daric or Fadrique in the XIV century a.d. The name of Friedrich is transcribed as Frederic in mediaeval sources – Fr + Deric, or Fr + Daric (FR + DRC without vocalizations). Catalan documents called him Fadrique ([195], page 243).

44b. The “ancient” Greece. The name Darius and the word “daric”. The “ancient” name Darius is very similar to the mediaeval name Fadrique. Furthermore, it is considered that “the official legal tender and token money of the ancient Persia… was the golden Daric” ([766], page 88). The name of King Darius may have become reflected in the name of the coin, in which case the mediaeval Fadrique and the “ancient” Daric become two names of the same person. The mediaeval Catalans must have called their king Fadrique, where as the “Persians” (PRS = the Franks = the French = the P-Russians) would call him Darius, or Daric. We should also note that the name Darius may be the reverse reading of the word Horde.

10. Mediaeval Margaret as the “ancient” Mardonius

We have to reiterate that the identification we’re referring to in the heading has to be interpreted as follows: some real mediaeval character became described by certain mediaeval scribes as a woman called Margaret, and by others as a man called Mardonius. These chronicles were subsequently misdated in the XVI-XVII century and travelled backwards in time as a result, giving us the phantom reflection of “Mardonius the Persian”.

45a. The famous ruler called Margaret in the XIV century a.d. The famous Lady Margaret, a hereditary ruler of Achaia, is the de facto co-ruler of Frederick II ([195]). Her name may well have figured as “Margareta Donna” (Lady Margaret), which could have transformed into “Mardonius” later on.

45b. “Ancient” Greece. Mardonius, the famous warlord. The famous Mardonius becomes the actual co-ruler of Darius. He is described as the “leader of the Persian military party… Mardonius becomes the de facto ruler of Persia henceforth” ([766], page 92).

46a. Middle Ages in the XIV century a.d. The daughter of Margaret. Lady Margaret (Donna Margareta) marries her daughter off to Frederick ([766], page 92).

46b. The “ancient” Greece. The daughter of Darius. Mardonius the Persian is married to the daughter of King Darius (King of the Horde?). We see a daughter present in both versions, the mediaeval and the “ancient”. The confusion between Margaret (female) and Mardonius (male) should hardly surprise us, considering how we have already encountered several transformations of the kind, when a mediaeval aqueduct became the “ancient” Trojan Horse, and the cavalry leader (“hetera”) Antonius transformed into Antonine the hetera (prostitute), qv in Chapter 2 of Chron2. All of them are easy to explain. The absence of a unified educational system in the Middle Ages, as well as the rather modest dispersion of printed books in that epoch, had led to the use of different aliases for referring to the same mediaeval character. By the way, there is another possible interpretation of the name Mardonius. Seeing as how the mediaeval Margaret resided in Morea (see [195], page 221), she may well have been called “Lady of Morea”, or “Mistress of Morea” - Morea + Donna, or MR + Donna, which could give the name Mardonius as a result.

47a. The beginning of the mediaeval wars in 1314 a.d. A series of violent wars begins in Greece in the year 1314 a.d. ([195], page 222).

47b. The “ancient” Greece. The wars between the Greeks and the Persians begin. We see the famous Graeco-Persian wars break out in Greece around the same time (considering the 1810-year shift). In the alleged year 492 b.c. the Persians (P-Russians?) launch their first campaign against the “ancient” Greece ([766], page 92). A shift of 1810 years transforms this date into 1318 a.d., which is virtually identical to 1314. The correspondence between the “ancient” dates and their mediaeval originals is outstanding, and the 4-year discrepancy is minute as compared to the gigantic value of the actual shift – 1810 years.

48a. Margaret as the instigator of the XIV century war. Margaret = MR-Donna is the key instigator of XIV century war in mediaeval Greece. We learn of the following: “the news of this matrimony [the marriage of Frederick II to the daughter of Margaret – A. F.] confused and enraged the entire French [or “Persian, bearing the parallelism in mind – A. F.] Morea” ([195], page 222). Once again we see the mediaeval French (or P-Russian) population identified as the “ancient Persians”.

48b. “Ancient” Greece. Mardonius as the initiator of the wars between the Greeks and the Persians. Mardonius the Persian masterminded the invasion into Greece: “Mardonius decided to use the convenient moment for drawing the attention away from the domestic affairs of the state and launch an overseas campaign against insular and mainland Greece” ([766], page 92).

49a. The failure of Margaret in the XIV century a.d. The first phase of the war proves unsuccessful for Lady Margaret: “the Greek campaign was marred by King Robert invading Sicily, as well as the violent struggle between the dynasties of Anjou and Aragon that had raged there” ([195], page 222).

49b. “Ancient” Greece. The failure of Mardonius. The first Greek campaign of the Persians (P-Russians?) is a failure which is attributed to none other but Mardonius ([258], page 179; also [766], page 92).

50a. The invasion into Morea in 1315 a.d. The second stage of the mediaeval war with the Greeks begins; the Morean campaign starts in 1315 a.d. ([195], page 223).

50b. “Ancient” Greece. The second Greek campaign of the Persians. The second Greek campaign is launched by the Persians (P-Russians?) in the alleged year 490 b.c. ([258], pages 179-180; also [766], pages 92-93). Once again we witness how the 1810-year shift makes the two dates coincide: the “ancient” dating of 490 b.c. becomes 1320 a.d., which concurs with 1315 a.d. perfectly well.

51a. Ferdinand the military commander in the XIV century a.d. The name of the commander-in-chief in Frederick’s army was Ferdinand, who acted as the king’s plenipotentiary representative leading the army that invaded Greece. Moreover, Ferdinand was Margaret’s (MR-Donna’s) son-in-law.

51b. “Ancient” Greece. Artaphernes, the Persian commander. Artaphernes had commanded the army of Mardonius and Darius I (Horde?), leading the Persian troops together with Datis ([258], page 180). The name Artapheres may simply be a corruption of “Ferdinand” – at least, once we leave out the vowels, we end up with RTPhRN and FRDNND. Alternatively, “Artaphernes” may be a combination of “Horde” and “TRN” – the Horde and the Trojans, or the Horde and the Turks.

52a. The battle in Greece dating to 1316 a.d.

The large battle of 1316 a.d. plays a key role

in this period of Morean history ([195],

pages 223-224).

52b. “Ancient” Greece. The famous battle of Marathon. This battle between the Persians (P-Russians?) and the Greeks in the alleged year 490 b.c. is considered one of the most important “ancient” events ([766], page 93). A shift of 1810 years transforms the “ancient” dating of 490 b.c. into 1320 a.d., which corresponds perfectly with the year 1316 a.d. when the mediaeval battle took place.

53a. The Venetian fleet in the XIV century a.d. The Venetian fleet had played a major part in the war of 1316 a.d., where the Venetians (Venetes, or Venedes?) had been the allies of the French (PRS, or P-Russians, qv in [195], page 223).

53b. The Phoenician fleet in “ancient” Greece. “Ancient” authors tell us a lot about the famous Phoenician fleet taking part in the war of the alleged year 490 b.c. The “ancient” Phoenicians fight alongside the Persians (P-Russians?) against Greece ([766], page 92). We have already discovered the superimposition of the “ancient” Phoenicia over the mediaeval Venice in many other parallelisms. Such independent confirmations affect the sequential verification of the research results in a positive way.