Patrician Class Patrician Class Son-In-Law of Cinna Grew up being affected by the political turmoil First political appointment by Cinna: Flamen Dialis
Patrician Class Patrician Class Sulla’s general during his dictatorship Had won previous military glory - Had been given credit for the victory over Spartacus
Had to flee Rome during Sulla’s dictatorship Had to flee Rome during Sulla’s dictatorship - His later leniency is a reaction to this
Presumably close to Marius and his aunt Julia Joined the staff of the governor of Asia in 80 BCE 75 BCE, captured by Cicilian pirates, held for 38 days - He had his revenge
- Going to study in Greece
In 80 BCE, given the corona civica for his role in saving the lives of Romans at the seige of Miletus In 80 BCE, given the corona civica for his role in saving the lives of Romans at the seige of Miletus - Senate had to stand and clap when he wore the crown in public
In 73 BCE, returned to Rome at 27 to start his political career - Soon after, his aunt Julia and his wife, Cornelia died
- Went to Serve Vetius in Spain
67 BC, Caesar marries again: Pompeia 67 BC, Caesar marries again: Pompeia - Sulla’s granddaughter
- Allying himself with the Optimates
- Started actions that put him with the Populares
65 BCE, elected curile aedile - Public works: great way to have public support (temples and games)
- Almost went bankrupt, but gained IMMENSE popular support
- Public statues of Marius - pushing agenda
Ran for Pontifex Maximus Ran for Pontifex Maximus - Income would relieve his debts
- Lifetime office - power against Senate
63 BCE - Cataline Conspiracy - Lucius Sergius Catalina tried to take over governmnent
- Crassus turned the letters to the Senate
- Optimates tried to implicate Caesar
- Because of his close ties to Crassus, did not fly
62 BCE - became praetor - After supporting Pompey, kicked out of office
- Angry mob threatened violence, reinstated
60 BCE - Became consul of Rome
Spanish Tribes (military victory he needed to become consul) Spanish Tribes (military victory he needed to become consul) Gallic Wars Invasions of Britain - 2 separate invasions
- Queen Cartimandua
Helvetia
60 BCE - Caesar is consul (at 40!) 60 BCE - Caesar is consul (at 40!) - Although he is popular with the people, he needed to ally himself with the Senate to ensure he was elected
- Allied himself with Crassus
- Pompey other prominent member of the Senate
- He wanted land reform- Caeasr could win popular support for the bill
Triumvirate - loose alliance
Caesar passed laws to suit Crassus’s business interests Caesar passed laws to suit Crassus’s business interests - “bad omens” - Caesar as Pontifex Maximus
- The Consulship of Julius and Caesar
Pompey married Julia, Caesar’s daughter - Gave him army to conquer Gaul
55 BCE - Caesar in Gaul 55 BCE - Caesar in Gaul - Pompey and Crassus consuls
- Pompey: Spain, Caesar: Gaul, Crassus: Syria
Pompey stays in Rome - problem - Power now back in the hands of the Senate
- Alleged that the war in Gaul was illegal - angry because the value of gold was reduced by 1/3
- Pompey backed the Senate
- Caesar petitioned Tribune to veto laws against him
- Marcus Antonius elected Tribune for first time
Choice - surrender and face prosecution, or go to war with Rome - Jan. 1, 49 BCE - Caesar declared enemy of the state
- Jan. 11, 49 BCE - Caesar crosses the Rubicon river, and marches on Rome. - “alia iacta est”
People supported Caesar - had little trust in the Senate People supported Caesar - had little trust in the Senate - Senate thought that people would back the Republic
Pompey and the Optimates flee to Brundisium - Battle of Phrasalus (48 BCE)
Fled to Egypt
Descendant of Ptolemy I Soter Descendant of Ptolemy I Soter Intelligent, spoke many languages - Only ruler to speak Egyptian
Political Turmoil in Egypt
Stopped a civil war between Cleopatra and her brother Ptolemy XIII Stopped a civil war between Cleopatra and her brother Ptolemy XIII Crowned King of Egypt in traditional Egyptian ceremony Married Cleopatra - had son, Cesarion
Headed back to Rome Headed back to Rome - Stopped and conquered some territory along the way
- Sextus Pompey in Munda, Spain
Celebrated triumphs Proclaimed dictator perpetuus Wanted to be proclaimed king
Senate devised a plan Senate devised a plan - King of all but Rome
- Save the Republic
Calpurnia’s Dream Enters the Senate (theatre of Pompey) - Stabbed 32 times
- Falls at the statue of Pompey
Rome cannot be ruled by Senate any longer - trust and confidence in the Senate is destroyed Rome cannot be ruled by Senate any longer - trust and confidence in the Senate is destroyed - Old patricians still clung to Old Ways
Marc Antony and Octavian come to center stage now to punish Caesar’s murders
Antony and Octavian vs. Senators Antony and Octavian vs. Senators Antony and Cleopatra vs. Octavian Augustus as emperor of Rome
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