12
is a loss of neurons in the thalamus astroglial proliferation, olivas and the cerebellar
cortex [Mastriani JA et al., 1999].
Parkinson's disease
is a progressive
neurodegenerative
disorder
primarily
with
motor
dysfunctions
.
Aetiopathogenesis
of it
is not entirely clear
,
though there is evidence
of
the presence
of autoimmune disorders
.
Revealed are
elevated levels
of cytokines
and
complement
in the cerebrospinal fluid
increases
against
T-cell
autoantibodies
(anti
-
alpha-synuclein and anti-GM1-ganglioside)
and
vasoactive
peptides in
peripheral blood
[Staines DR, 2007; Monahan AJ, 2008; Benkler M et al., 2009]. This points to the
possibility of using
plasmapheresis
in the treatment
of this disease
[Leopold NA
et al.,
1999; Staines D.R. et al., 2008]. S.G.Morozov
et al.
(1997
)
successfully
conducted
courses
of plasmapheresis
in 29 patients
with severe manifestations
of Parkinson's
disease
with a decrease in
the index
of neuro defeciency
from 28 to
8 units
of
Webster
scale
and levels
of autoantibodies.
Chronic fatigue syndrome can be found in 267 persons per 100 000 of population.
It is accompanied by progressive weakness and physical exhaustion, reduced
endurance, neurological complications and immune dysfunctions [Staines D.R., 2006].
So far there is no clear or clinical or ethio- or pathogenetic mechanisms. Some
manifestations of this syndrome suggest an autoimmune mechanism of its
development. 52% of patients showed responses to nuclear antigens. Autoantibodies
were of IgG-isotype. There are cases of abnormalities and dysfunction of T-
lymphocytes. The presence of the circulate immune complexes and antinuclear
antibodies was detected in over 30% of patients. It is possible that immune disorders
occur in response to certain chronic infection [
Fernandéz A.A.
et al., 2009]. There are
founded also a high level of pro-inflammatory cytokines [Lorusso L. et al., 2009]. All of
this points to the possibility of efferent therapy for treatment of this disease.
Alzheimer's disease
is a common
disease of the elderly
,
affecting
up to 29
million
people
in the world
[Davis RM
et al.,
1999
].
It is characterized
by extracellular
deposits
in the brain
aggregates
39-43
amino acid
peptide
called
-amyloid and
increasing
loss of
neurons
with
75
-kD
neurotrophic
receptors
.
It was found that
-amyloid
binds
these
receptors
,
which leads
to inevitable
loss of
these neurons
[Yaar M.
et al.,
1997
].
There
comes a
gradual
degradation of the individual
,
amnesia, impaired
motor coordination
,
and paralysis
.
Disorders
of consciousness
in Alzheimer's disease
can be detected
in 1%
of
people younger than
65 years
,
but they
amount to 50
%
for the 85
years of life
[Mecocci P.
et al.,
1998
].
It is believed
that a significant role is played
in the pathogenesis
of
progressive
mental disorders
by mutational
immunopathological
mechanisms
of degradation
specific
protein structures
-
"presenilin-1" with
a high
accumulation of
amyloid substance
-
polymerized
and
tau protein
extracellularly
as
well as
in the frontal lobes
intraneuronal
with
neuro-changes in their
fibrillar
structure
[Beyreuther K., Masters CL,
1997
; Gómez
-
Isla T. et al. 1997; Levey A.I. et al., 1997]. When this occurs immunoprecipitation
-