Tea
Tea
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Longjing green tea being infused in a gaiwan
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Type
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Hot or cold beverage
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Country of origin
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China[1]
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Introduced
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First recorded in China in 59 BC, though probably originated earlier[2]
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Tea plant (Camellia sinensis) from Köhler's Medicinal Plants, 1897
Tea plant
Tea is an aromatic beverage prepared by pouring hot or boiling water over cured or fresh leaves of Camellia sinensis, an evergreen shrub native to China, India and other East Asian countries.[3] Tea is also rarely made from the leaves of Camellia taliensis.[4][5][6] After water, it is the most widely consumed drink in the world.[7] There are many different types of tea; some have a cooling, slightly bitter, and astringent flavour,[8] while others have vastly different profiles that include sweet, nutty, floral, or grassy notes. Tea has a stimulating effect in humans primarily due to its caffeine content.[9]
Tea plants are native to East Asia and probably originated in the borderlands of southwestern China and northern Burma.[10][11][12] An early credible record of tea drinking dates to the third century AD, in a medical text written by Hua Tuo.[13] It was popularised as a recreational drink during the Chinese Tang dynasty, and tea drinking subsequently spread to other East Asian countries. Portuguese priests and merchants introduced it to Europe during the 16th century.[14] During the 17th century, drinking tea became fashionable among the English, who started to plant tea on a large scale in India.
The term herbal tea refers to drinks not made from Camellia sinensis. They are the infusions of fruit, leaves, or other plant parts, such as steeps of rosehip, chamomile, or rooibos. These may be called tisanes or herbal infusions to prevent confusion with "tea" made from the tea plant.
Etymology[edit]
Main article: Etymology of tea
Wuyi tea plantation in Wuyi Mountains, Fujian, China
The etymology of the various words for tea reflects the history of transmission of tea drinking culture and trade from China to countries around the world.[15] Nearly all of the words for tea worldwide fall into three broad groups: te, cha and chai, present in English as tea, cha or char, and chai. The earliest of the three to enter English is cha, which came in the 1590s via the Portuguese, who traded in Macao and picked up the Cantonese pronunciation of the word.[16][17] The more common tea form arrived in the 17th century via the Dutch, who acquired it either indirectly from the Malay teh, or directly from the tê pronunciation in Min Chinese.[16] The third form chai (meaning "spiced tea") originated from a northern Chinese pronunciation of cha, which travelled overland to Central Asia and Persia where it picked up a Persian ending yi.
Origin and history[edit]
Further information: History of tea and History of tea in China
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