hybriD perpetuAl
roses were first recognized in the 1820s. They
were bred for rose shows where bloom form, especially the bud, was consid-
ered the ultimate ideal. The growth habit tends to be large, narrow, and up-
right to sprawling. The flowers are large and less refined than hybrid teas.
They may become large, vigorous bushes if given good cultural care and prun-
ing. Hybrid perpetual roses were historically relegated to cutting gardens.
Most of them are fragrant, repeat blooming and have an old rose flower
form. ‘Ferdinand Pichard’ is the only hybrid perpetual to be grown in the
Veterans Memorial Rose Garden.
piMpinellifoliA (Scotch, SpinoSiSSiMA) roSeS
are
a small group that grows well on its own roots and suckers freely. They are
easy to grow and reproduce. An American cultivar, ‘Harison’s Yellow’ be-
came ‘The Yellow Rose of Texas’ and spread west with homesteaders.
cliMbinG roSeS
are often formed from sports of existing cultivars
that produce long canes requiring some support. Old garden rose and mod-
ern rose climbers may develop from either sports or from seedlings.
Climbers are often trained on trellises, pillars or fences, or draped over
banks or retaining walls. They are hardy plants and may become popular
in their own right compared to the original shrub. Old garden rose climbers
are grouped into several accepted classes, such as Climbing Bourbon,
Climbing China, Climbing Moss and Climbing Hybrid Perpetual.
5Ferdinand Pichard
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Modern Rose Classes: from 1867
hybriD teA roSeS
generally grow as a narrow,
upright shrub well suited for formal gardens. The flowers
are usually double with spiraling petals around a high cen-
ter, a “typical” rose bloom form. Single blooms develop at
the end of a long stem, which is prized for cut flowers.
Blooms may or may not be fragrant, and they repeat in cy-
cles throughout the growing season. Hybrid tea rose culti-
vars have been introduced since 1867. For example, ‘La
France’ is considered the beginning of modern classes of
roses. ‘Elina’ and ‘Jane Pauley’ are two examples of hybrid
tea roses.
polyAnthA roSeS
originated in France (Guillot)
in 1860 as seedlings from R. multiflora and probably a
China rose that developed large sprays of small pink flow-
ers. Their small shrub size is excellent for mass planting or
for borders with perennials. They are grouped with mod-
ern roses, but are a very early modern class. ‘Climbing
Cécile Brünner’ is classified as either a China or Polyan-
tha rose, depending on reference source. It will thrive in
Mississippi.
Elina
4
3Jane Pauley
3Climbing Cécile Brünner
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hybriD MuSk roSeS
are another early
modern group of shrubby roses, based on a ram-
bler, called ‘Trier’, and different Noisette, Polyan-
tha, Hybrid Tea and Tea roses. They are large
shrubs with a graceful form and sprays of small to
medium size flowers of soft colors. With good
care, they rebloom well, providing masses of floral
display. The growth habit has a classic feel to it
with modern style foliage of smooth, shiny leaves.
‘Buff Beauty’ is a hybrid musk grown in the Veterans
Memorial Rose Garden.
hybriD ruGoSA roSeS
appeared
in the late 19th century continuing into the
20th century, based on R. rugosa of Japan.
These hardy roses make good landscape
roses. The growth form is dense, and the
leaves are deeply veined and rugged. The
flowers are casual, and the bloom repeats or
continuously cycles. ‘Dr. Eckener’ is a culti-
var reportedly more heat tolerant than other
Hybrid Rugosa roses.
3Buff Beauty
6Dr. Eckener
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floribunDA roSeS
were developed by a cross be-
tween a polyantha and a hybrid tea in the early 20th century
(Poulsen). Floribundas bear flowers in sprays on a usually
rounded, well-branched shrub. Bloom form can be diverse,
but individual blooms may resemble hybrid teas. Floribun-
das generally require less work than hybrid teas, making
them great garden plants. Their freely blooming nature
makes them good choices for mass color in beds. ‘Julia Child’
is an example of a Floribunda.
GrAnDiflorA roSeS
resemble hybrid teas in shrub
form, bloom form and hardiness.
Blooms occur singly or in small
groups at the end of long stems.
‘Queen Elizabeth’ (1954) was the
first cultivar to be labeled a gran-
diflora. ‘Melody Parfumée’ is an example of a Grandiflora.
Julia Child
4
6Melody Parfumée
12
Carefree Spirit
4
Lady Elsie May
4
6Home Run
6Red Drift
MoDern Shrub roSeS
include a genetically diverse
and complex group bred from wild species, differing classes and
with some hybrid tea or floribunda character. Cultivars may be
small or large with upright, spreading, or bushy growth useful in
general landscape schemes. Flowers may be small and simple or
large and showy and have light to intense fragrance. Most culti-
vars bloom in repeating cycles or continuously bloom with masses
of flowers. Some bear attractive fruit (hips) in the fall. Many of the
larger roses can be trained on supports such as pillars, trellises or
walls. ‘Carefree Spirit’ is an example of a shrub rose.
•
English roses are a blending of old garden roses and modern
roses to create the growth habit, fragrance, and flower form
of the old roses with repeat flowering and brighter flower
colors of modern roses.
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