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International Organizations
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tarix | 11.06.2023 | ölçüsü | 92,32 Kb. | | #116612 |
| International Organizations United Nations - An international organization
- Founded in 1945 (after WWII)
- Originally 51 countries – now about 193
- Original mandate – peace and security, friendly relations amongst nations
- Better living standards and human rights
- Headquarters in New York
4 main purposes of the UN - Peace throughout the world
- Development friendly relations among nations
- Help nations work together to improve the lives of poor people, conquer hunger, disease, illiteracy and encourage respect for each others rights and freedoms
- To be a centre for harmonizing the actions of nations to achieve these goals
Committees of the UN - Disarmament and international security
- Economic and Financial
- Social Humanitarianism and Culture
- Special political and de-colonization
- Administrative and Budgetary
- Legal
Critique of the UN - Some say that it was a good idea in it’s time but has now lost credibility and should be abolished
- 5 permanent members: China, France, Russia, UK and US
- 10 non-permanent members with 2 year term: currently Bosnia, Herzegovina, Brazil, Columbia, Gabon, Germany, India, Lebanon, Nigeria, Portugal and South Africa
- Each council member has one vote – must have 9 to proceed, including the votes of all 5 permanent members
- President is appointed in alphabetical order for a term of one month (from amongst members)
- Meetings can be requested by any member of the Security Council and meetings must be held at least every 14 days
- Function is to maintain international peace and security in accordance with the principles and purposes of the UN
- Investigate any dispute or situation that might lead to international friction
- To recommend methods of adjusting such disputes or the terms of settlement
- To formulate plans for the establishment of a system to regulate armaments
- To determine the existence of a threat to the peace or the act of aggression and recommend the action to be taken
- To call on members to apply economic sanctions and other measures not involving the use of force to prevent or stop aggression
- To take military action against an aggressor
- To recommend the admission of new members
- To exercise the trusteeship function of the UN in strategic areas
- To recommend the Secretary General appointment and to elect the judges of the International Court of Justice
World Bank - Founded in 1944
- Made of 2 unique development institutions (International Bank for Reconstruction and Development and the Int. Dev. Assoc.)
- owned by 187 member countries
- Provide to the countries with the most need and where it will have greatest impact and promote growth (particularly in the Arab world)
- Also help middle income countries
- Provided 46.9B for 303 projects in developing countries
Managment - Under the leadership of president, management and senior staff and the vice presidents in charge of regions, sectors, networks and functions
Mission Statement of WB - To help developing countries and their people reach their goals by working with our partners to alleviate poverty.
- Address global challenges in ways that advance an inclusive and sustainable globalization
- Overcome poverty, enhance growth with care for the environment and create individual opportunity and hope
Critique of WB - With less aid, the economies of the developing countries were growing – when the WB provides aid it stunts growth
- WB has lent billions to dictators
- Infrastructure projects often have negative social and environmental impacts for local communities
- Partnership with private sector may undermine the role of the state as the primary provider of goods and services
- Run by a small group of dominant countries
International Monetary Fund - An intergovernmental organization that promotes economic cooperation around the world
- Has 187 member countries
- Specialized agency of UN with it’s own charter
- Main focus is policies that have an impact on exchange rates and balance of payments
- Aim is High rates of employment and low inflation
- Address global challenges in ways that advance an inclusive and sustainable globalization
- Focus on macro economic and financial policies
- Balance payments and establish a “real” economy in developing countries (capitalism)
- Financial sector development
- Analyze impact of policies and provide forum for international cooperation on global economic and financial problems
Governance of IMF - Run by a board on behalf of member countries
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