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Dejl Mortensen
Nobelova nagrada za 2010.
DMP MODEL
Rezime
U 2010. godini Nobelovu nagradu za oblast ekonomskih nauka dobio je
Dejl Mortensen, rođen 1939. godine u Oregonu, SAD. Diplomirao je ekonomiju
i matematiku, a doktorsku disertaciju odbranio na Nortvestern univerzitetu.
Istraživačkim i profesorskim radom bavio se punih 47 godina, napisao brojne
radove, autorske ili u saradnji sa drugim naučnicima. Osim njega, u toj godini
Nobelovu nagradu su dobili i Piter Dajmond i Kristofer Pisarides, za doprinos
analizi tržišta i poteškoćama usklađivanja ponude i tražnje, naročito pri
zapošljavanju. Kreatori su modela DMP, nazvanom po prvim slovima njihovih
prezimena. Danas je ovaj model analitičko sredstvo koje se najviše koristi za
analizu nezaposlenosti, formiranja zarada i upražnjenih radnih mesta. Ovaj
model se može koristiti i za procenu uticaja različitih faktora tržišta rada na
nezaposlenost, plate i slobodna radna mesta.
Pomenuti nobelovci formulisali su teorijski okvir tržišta sa tražnjom.
Dajmond je izvršio analizu osnova tih tržišta, Mortensn i Pisarides su proširili
tu teoriju i primenili je na tržište rada. Model ovih laureata nam pomaže
da shvatimo kako regulativa i ekonomska politika utiču na nezaposlenost,
slobodna radna mesta i plate. To može da se odnosi na visinu beneficija u
okviru pomoći za nezaposlene ili propise vezane za zapošljavanje i otpuštanje.
Jedan od zaključaka je da velikodušnije beneficije za nezaposlene rezultiraju
višom stopom nezaposlenosti i dužim periodom traženja posla. Osim na tržištu
rada, teorija tražnje može da se primenjuje u mnogim drugim oblastima,
posebno na tržištu nekretnina.
Ključne reči: Nobelova nagrada, Piter Dajmond, Kristofer Pisarides, analiza,
tržište, ponuda, tražnja, zapošljavanje, model DMP, tržište rada, nezaposlenost,
plata, radna mesta
JEL: A13, B31, C78, E24, J64
UDK 06.068NОBЕL::331"2010" ; 331.5 Dејl Моrtеnsеn
pregledni
naučni
članak
Rad primljen: 20.06.2014.
Odobren za štampu: 24.06.2014.
Svetlana Pantelić
Udruženje banaka Srbije
svetlana.pantelic@ubs-asb.com
129
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Dale T. Mortensen
Nobel Prize for 2010
DMP MODEL
Summary
In 2010 the Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences was awarded to Dale Mortensen,
born in 1939 in Oregon, USA. He majored in economics and mathematics,
and defended his doctoral dissertation at Northwestern University. He was
a researcher and professor for full 47 years, having authored numerous
papers, either by himself or in cooperation with other scientists. In addition
to Mortensen, the 2010 Nobel Prize was also awarded to Peter Diamond and
Christopher Pissarides for their contribution to the analysis of markets with
search frictions, especially when it comes to employment. They created the
DMP model, named after the first letters of their last names. Today this is an
analytical instrument most used for analyzing unemployment, formation of
wages and job vacancies. This model can be used to assess the impact of various
factors of the labor market on unemployment, wages and job vacancies.
The concerned Nobel Prize winners formulated the theoretical framework
for markets with search friction. Diamond performed the analysis of such
markets’ foundations; Mortensen and Pissarides expanded this theory and
applied it on the labor market. The model designed by these laureates helps
us realize how regulations and economic policy affect unemployment, job
vacancies and wages. This may refer to the amount of unemployment benefits,
or certain regulations in respect of hiring and dismissing people. One of the
conclusions is that more generous benefits for unemployed people result in
higher unemployment rates and longer job search. In addition to the labor
market, the search friction theory may be applied in many other fields,
especially at the real estate market.
Keywords: Nobel Prize, Peter Diamond, Christopher Pissarides, analysis,
market, supply, demand, employment, DMP model, labor market,
unemployment, wages, jobs
JEL: A13, B31, C78, E24, J64
UDC 06.068NОBЕL::331"2010" ; 331.5 Dејl Моrtеnsеn
scientific
review
article
Paper received: 20.06.2014
Approved for publishing: 24.06.2014
Svetlana Pantelić
Association of Serbian Banks
svetlana.pantelic@ubs-asb.com
130
Bankarstvo 3 2014
U
2010. godini Švedska kraljevska
akademija dodelila je Nobelovu
nagradu za oblast ekonomskih nauka
od 10 miliona švedskih kruna naučnicima:
Piteru Dajmondu, Dejlu Mortensenu i Kristoferu
Pisaridesu. Ovo priznanje dobili su za doprinos
analizi tržišta i poteškoćama usklađivanja
ponude i tražnje, naročito pri zapošljavanju.
Kreatori su modela DMP, nazvanom po prvim
slovima njihovih prezimena. Danas je ovaj
model analitičko sredstvo koje se najviše koristi
za analizu nezaposlenosti, formiranja zarada i
upražnjenih radnih mesta. Ovaj model se može
koristiti i za procenu uticaja različitih faktora
tržišta rada na nezaposlenost, plate i slobodna
radna mesta.
Osnovne karakteristike nagrađenog
izučavanja
Prema objašnjenju Komiteta za dodelu
Nobelove nagrade, ovi naučnici su razvili
teoriju koja može da odgovori na pitanja zašto
istovremeno ima toliko mnogo nezaposlenih,
toliko mnogo slobodnih radnih mesta i
kako ekonomska politika može da utiče na
nezaposlene. Osim u slučaju tržišta rada, ta
teorija je primenljiva
i na druga tržišta.
Na
mnogim
tržištima
kupci
i prodavci nisu
uvek u direktnom
kontaktu. To se
tiče između ostalog
prodavaca koji traže
zaposlene i radnike
u potrazi za poslom.
Budući da potraga
zahteva vreme i
resurse, to stvara
frikciju na tržištu.
Na takvim tržištima će tražnja nekih kupaca
ostati neispunjena, a neki prodavci neće prodati
onoliko koliko budu želeli. Tako će na tržištu
istovremeno postojati i nepopunjena radna
mesta i nezaposlenost.
Nobelovci iz 2010. godine su formulisali
teorijski okvir tržišta sa tražnjom. Dajmond je
izvršio analizu osnova tih tržišta, Mortensen i
Pisarides su proširili tu teoriju i primenili je na
tržište rada.
Kako je istakao Nobelov Komitet, model
ovih laureata nam pomaže da shvatimo kako
regulativa i ekonomska politika utiču na
nezaposlenost, slobodna radna mesta i plate. To
može da se odnosi na visinu beneficija u okviru
pomoći za nezaposlene ili propise vezane za
zapošljavanje i otpuštanje. Jedan od zaključaka
je da velikodušnije beneficije za nezaposlene
rezultiraju višom stopom nezaposlenosti i
dužim periodom traženja posla.
Osim na tržištu rada, teorija tražnje može
da se primenjuje u mnogim drugim oblastima,
posebno na tržištu nekretnina. Broj kuća na
prodaju varira, kao i vreme potrebno da kuća
nađe kupca i da se uključene strane dogovore
o ceni. Teorija tražnje se takođe koristi za
istraživanje monetarne teorije, ekonomije
javnog sektora, finansijske, regionalne i
porodične ekonomije.
Školovanje
Dejl Mortensen Tomas rodio se 2. februara
1939. godine u Oregonu. Majka Verna Eklund
i otac Tomas Piter Mortensen su Danci po
poreklu, čiji su se roditelji u Ameriku doselili
iz ove zemlje. Očev
prvi posao bio je u
Šumarskoj službi jer
je studirao šumarstvo
i diplomirao na
univerzitetu
u
Minesoti, dok je
majka sa studijama
stala nakon prve
godine. Za vreme
II svetskog rata
odlaze u Portland,
gde je otac radio u
brodogradilištu.
Nakon rata preselili
su se istočno od Portlanda u dolinu reke Hud
gde se otac ponovo zaposlio u šumarskoj službi.
Tada je to već bila višečlana porodica, Dejl je
dobio još dva brata: Arnija i Irvinga.
Tokom školovanja hobi mu je bilo pevanje,
gluma i fudbal, a za vreme raspusta pomagao je
ocu na poslu. Bio je dobar đak koji je ispoljavao
sklonost, ali i zainteresovanost za matematiku.
Na poslednjoj godini srednje škole posebno se
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I
n 2010 the Swedish Royal Academy awarded
the Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences, in
the amount of 10 million Swedish crowns,
to the following scientists: Peter Diamond,
Dale Mortensen and Christopher Pissarides.
They won this award for their contribution to
the analysis of markets with search frictions,
especially when it comes to employment. They
created the DMP model, named after the first
letters of their last names. Today this is an
analytical instrument most used for analyzing
unemployment, formation of wages and job
vacancies. This model can be used to assess the
impact of various factors of the labor market on
unemployment, wages and job vacancies.
Main Characteristics of the Awarded
Research
According to the explanation of the Nobel
Prize Committee, these scientists developed a
theory that can provide answers to the question
why there are so many unemployed people and
so many job vacancies at the same time, and how
economic policy may impact unemployment.
In addition to the labor market, this theory is
applicable to other markets as well.
On many markets,
buyers and sellers
are not always in the
position to establish
direct contact. Among
others, this concerns
the employers looking
for employees, and
workers
looking
for job. Given that
this search requires
time and resources,
there occurs a search
friction. On such
markets, the demand
of some buyers will
remain unfulfilled,
whereas some sellers
will not sell as much
as they wanted. This
is how it happens
that, at the same
time, the market
faces vacant jobs and
unemployment.
The 2010 Nobel Prize winners formulated
the theoretical framework for markets with
search friction. Diamond performed the analysis
of such markets’ foundations; Mortensen and
Pissarides expanded this theory and applied it
on the labor market.
As underlined by the Nobel Prize Committee,
the model designed by these laureates helps
us realize how regulations and economic
policy affect unemployment, job vacancies
and wages. This may refer to the amount of
unemployment benefits, or certain regulations
in respect of hiring and dismissing people.
One of the conclusions is that more generous
benefits for unemployed people result in higher
unemployment rates and longer job search.
In addition to the labor market, the search
friction theory may be applied in many other
fields, especially at the real estate market. The
number of houses for sale varies, as does the
time required for a house to find its buyer,
and for the involved parties to agree on the
price. The search friction theory is also used to
investigate monetary theory, economics of the
public sector, financial economics, regional and
family economics.
Schooling
Dale Mortensen
Thomas was born on
2 February 1939 in
Oregon. His mother,
Verna Ecklund, and
his father, Thomas
Peter
Mortensen,
were of Danish origin,
their parents having
immigrated into the
US from Denmark.
His father’s first job
was at the US Forest
Service, given that he
graduated from the
School of Forestry
at the University of
Minnesota, whereas
his mother quit her
studies after the first
year. During the
Dejl Mortensen prima nagradu od švedskog kralja Karla Gustava XVI,
10. decembra 2010. godine
Dale T. Mortensen receiving his Prize from His Majesty King Carl XVI
Gustaf of Sweden at the Stockholm Concert Hall, 10 December 2010
132
Bankarstvo 3 2014
zainteresovao za američku društvenu istoriju
krajem 19. i početkom 20. veka. Odnosno,
postao je zabrinut za proces industrijalizacije i
njen uticaj na transformaciju zemlje. Osim toga,
još mnogo ranije bio je suočen i sa dilemama
koje su vezane za socijalna pitanja. U biblioteci
je igrom slučaja otkrio Teoriju igara i ekonomskog
ponašanja autora Fon Nojmana i Morgensterna.
Njihova izučavanja su mu dala odgovor na to
šta predstavlja teorija igara i kako se matematika
može koristiti u društvenoj analizi.
Upisao se na Vilamet (Willamette) jer je
od njih dobio punu stipendiju. Diplomirao
je ekonomiju i matematiku i postao asistent
profesoru Ričardu Gilisu. Za postdiplomske
studije izabrao je Karnegi institut za tehnologiju
iz Pitsburga zbog stipendije, ali i zbog
analitičkog i interdisciplinarnog pristupa u
proučavanju ekonomije i menadžmenta. U
ovaj grad je došao 1961. godine i zainteresovao
se za izučavanja tradicionalne ekonomije,
posebno teorije rasta koju je počeo Majkl Lovel,
sin njegovog omiljenog profesora istorije sa
Vilameta. U ovom periodu je upoznao Beverli
Peton, kako sam ističe "ljubav svog života".
Venčali su se 1963. godine i ubrzo je postao otac
troje dece: Karla, Lije i Džuli. Tada je počeo, ali
i završio svoju doktorsku tezu. Karnegi institut
za tehnologiju bio je izuzetno mesto u to vreme,
u kojem su se rađale mnoge nove ideje zbog
kojih su često studenti prisustvovali žučnim i
interesantnim debatama među profesorima.
Takođe, studenti su ohrabrivani da se uključe
u procese istraživanja i pored toga što nisu u
potpunosti ovladali znanjem iz tih oblasti koje
su predmet izučavanja.
Postao je član Univerziteta Nortvestern 1965.
godine. U prvim godinama rada zahvaljujući
pomoći dva buduća nobelovca Hiksa (1972) i
Semjuelsona (1970) naučio je osnove ekonomske
analize i razvio nastavne veštine. Tih godina
odbranio je i doktorsku disertaciju na Karnegi
Melon univerzitetu, što je bio novi naziv za
Karnegi institut za tehnologiju. Za Dejla ovo su
bile teške godine rada sa studentima, pripreme
doktorske disertacije i brige za tri bebe, odnosno
svoje troje dece. Najveću zahvalnost, kako sam
ističe, najviše duguje svojoj supruzi, njenom
strpljenju, istrajnosti i ljubavi, bez koje u svemu
tome ne bi uspeo.
U novom okruženju Dejlu su se promenila i
interesovanja u ekonomiji. Tome su doprinele i
nove kolege koji su došle na ovaj fakultet: Frenk
Brehling koji je istraživao dinamiku tržišta rada
i Art Tredvej koji je razvijao modele troškova
prilagođavanja i radio na njihovoj primeni u
teoriji investicija. Njima se pridružio i Bernt
Autorski radovi
Dejl Mortensen je u svojoj dugoj i plodnoj
profesorskoj i istraživačkoj karijeri napisao
brojna dela sam ili u saradnji sa drugim
naučnicima, od toga preko 50 naučnih članaka.
1. D. Mortensen (2005), Disperzija zarade: Zašto
su slični radnici plaćeni drugačije? , MIT Press.
2. D. Mortensen (1986), 'Potraga za poslom i
analiza tržišta rada'. Poglavlje 15 u Priručniku
ekonomije rada, vol. 2, O. Ašenfelter i R.
Lajard, ur., North-Holland.
3. D. Mortensen (1982), 'Proces mapiranja
kao nekooperativna igra/igra cenkanja'.
U: Ekonomija informacija i neizvesnosti, Dž.
MekKol, ur., NBER.
4. D. Mortensen (1972), 'Teorija dinamike
zarada i zaposlenosti', U: Mikroekonomske
osnove teorije zaposlenja i inflacije, E. Felps et
al., ur., Norton.
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World War II they left for Portland, where Dale’s
father worked in a shipbuilding factory. After
the war, they moved the Hood River Valley east
of Portland where his father returned to the
practice of forestry. By that time, the family had
gained new members, and Dale two brothers:
Arne and Irving.
During his high school years, he was
interested in singing, acting and football, and on
holidays he would assist his father at work. He
was a good student, expressing an ability and
interest in mathematics. In his final year at high
school, he developed a particular interest in
the American social history of the late 19th and
early 20th centuries, i.e. he became concerned
about the process of industrialization and its
impact on the transformation of the country.
Although it was much earlier that he faced the
dilemmas regarding social issues. By chance,
he found at the library The Theory of Games
and Economic Behavior by von Neumann and
Morgenstern. Their investigations gave him
an answer to what game theory is, and how he
could apply mathematics to social analysis.
He enrolled at Willamette as the beneficiary
of a full scholarship. He majored in economics
and mathematics and became a senior assistant
to Professor Richard Gillis. For his postgraduate
studies, Mortensen chose Carnegie Institute of
Technology in Pittsburgh, due to its generous
fellowship, but also due to its innovative
program that emphasized an analytic as well
as interdisciplinary approach to the study
of economics and management. He came
to Pittsburgh in 1961, and turned to more
traditional economics, especially growth theory,
originated by Michael Lovell, son of his favorite
history professor at Willamette. It was in this
period that he met Beverly Patton, “the love of
his life”. They were married in 1963 and soon
became the proud parents of three children,
Karl, Lia and Julie. Along the way, he started
and completed his doctoral thesis. Carnegie
Tech was an amazing place at the time, with
new ideas of all kinds always in the air, which
is why the students frequently witnessed the
lively debates among the faculty. Moreover, the
students were encouraged to get involved in the
research process even before they had mastered
the details of the relevant literature.
Mortensen became a member of the faculty
at Northwestern University in 1965. In his first
years of work, he finally learned the foundations
of economic analysis and developed his
teaching skills, thanks to the assistance of two
future Nobel Prize winners, Hicks (1972) and
Samuelson (1970). In those years he defended
Selected Works
In his long and fruitful career as a professor
and researcher, Dale Mortensen authored
numerous works, either by himself or in
cooperation with other scientists, over 50 of
which are categorized as scientific papers.
1. D. Mortensen (2005), Wage Dispersion: Why
Are Similar Workers Paid Differently?, MIT
Press.
2. D. Mortensen (1986), 'Job search and labor
market analysis'. Ch. 15 of Handbook of
Labor Economics, vol. 2, O. Ashenfelter and
R. Layard, eds., North-Holland.
3. D. Mortensen (1982), 'The matching process
as a non-cooperative/bargaining game'. In
The Economics of Information and Uncertainty,
J. McCall, ed., NBER.
4. D. Mortensen (1972), 'A theory of wage and
employment dynamics.' In Microeconomic
Foundations of Employment and Inflation
Theory, E. Phelps et al., eds., Norton.
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Stigam koji je radio i na analizi vremenskih
serija i na teoriji dinamične opšte ravnoteže.
Zajedno su postali stručnjaci za teoriju kontrole
i dinamičko programiranje.
Sredinom šezdesetih vodile su se žučne
debate oko Filipsove krive i njene implikacije
na ekonomsku politiku. Kao što je poznato,
Filipsova kriva je u ekonomiji negativni
statistički odnos između stope inflacije i
stope nezaposlenosti. Odnosno, što je stopa
nezaposlenosti u ekonomiji neke države niža,
to je veća stopa promene u platama radne
snage ekonomije te države. Na Nortvesternu
stvorena je neformalna grupa koju su, pre
svega, činili Brehling, Tredvej i Kris Arčibald.
Uz njihovu pomoć Dejl je počeo da razmišlja
o karakteristikama decentralizovanog tržišta.
Priredio je članak namenjen formulisanju i
razradi nekih ideja u vezi sa tržištem rada.
Tokom svog boravka na Nortvesternu radi
seminara 1968. godine, Edmund Felps iz
Londona obavestio je Dejla da je sa zanimanjem
pročitao njegov rad, kao i druge materijale
istraživača sličnog područja. Tom prilikom ga je
pozvao na planiranu konferenciju o ovoj temi na
Univerzitetu Pensilvanija. Dejlov rad objavljen
je u zborniku radova koji su predstavljeni na
ovoj konferenciji.
Dejlov recept za uspešnost
Iako se Felps, Robert Lukas i Dejl, svi dobitnici
Nobelove nagrade, nisu uvek slagali po pitanju
detalja, te išli različitim pravcima ka cilju,
delili su zajednički stav da je makroekonomiji
neophodan temelj u vidu analize ravnoteže
tržišta koja se zasniva na principu da agenti na
takvim tržištima deluju u sopstvenom interesu.
Dejlov rad iz 1970. godine: "Potraga za poslom,
period trajanja nezaposlenosti i Filipsova kriva"
("Job Search, the Duration of Unemployment
and the Phillips Curve"), objavljen u American
Economic Review, bio je pokušaj da se na primeru
protumači Filipsova kriva. Autor smatra da on
u toj dimenziji nije dao neki značajan diprinos.
Stvarni doprinos ovog autorskog rada zajedno
sa radom Džona MekKola, koji je objavljen u isto
vreme, predstavljao je novi model dinamičnog
pristupa razumevanju nezaposlenosti.
Mortensenovi stavovi nisu naišli na
jedinstveno prihvatanje, jer, kada je svoj model
prikazao na sastanku Američkog udruženja
ekonomista, neki od prisutnih su napustili ovaj
godišnji skup u znak protesta i neslaganja. No i
pored toga, njegove kolege iz Nortvesterna su
ga izabrale za vanrednog profesora.
Školsku 1970-71. zajedno sa porodicom
proveo je kao gostujući profesor na Univerzitetu
u Eseksu, Engleska. U to vreme zajedno sa
Frenkom Brehlingom radio je na projektu
dizajniranja i formulisanja modela procene
dinamike zapošljavanja koja je zasnovana
na ideji da je regrutovanje i zapošljavanje
radnika proces koji zahteva vreme i resurse.
Napisao je i rad "Generalizovani troškovi
prilagođavanja i teorije tražnje sa dinamičkim
faktorom" ("Generalized Costs of Adjustment
and Dynamic Factor Demand Theory") koji
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his doctoral dissertation at Carnegie-Mellon
University, which was the new name for the
Carnegie Institute of Technology. For Dale,
these were rather difficult years, taking into
account his teaching, the work on his thesis,
and helping care for three babies. Without the
patience and perseverance of a loving wife,
as he himself underlined, he would not have
succeeded.
Dale’s interests in economics changed in
this new environment. Two new and important
colleagues arrived, Frank Brechling, whose
research was focused on the dynamics of the
labor market and Art Treadway, who was
developing costs of adjustment models and
applying them to investment theory. They
were joined by Bernt Stigum who was doing
work on both time series analysis and dynamic
general equilibrium. Together, they became
proficient in control theory as well as dynamic
programming.
In the mid-1960s a debate raged over the
Phillips curve and its implications for economic
policy. As already known, the Phillips
curve in economics is a negative statistical
association between the inflation rate and the
unemployment rate. In other words, the lower
the unemployment rate in a country’s economy,
the higher the volatility of wages paid to the labor
force of that country’s economy. An informal
group was formed at Northwestern, gathering,
in the first place, Brechling, Treadway and Chris
Archibald. With their help, Mortensen began
to think about how to capture the essential
features of a decentralized market. He wrote a
working paper designed to formulate and work
out some of these ideas concerning the labor
market. Edmund Phelps came from London
to Northwestern to give a seminar in the fall
of 1968, and informed Dale that he had read
his paper with interest, along with the other
materials prepared by researchers in the similar
fields. On that occasion, he invited him to the
conference he had planned on this topic at the
University of Pennsylvania. Dale’s paper was
published in the collection of papers presented
at this conference.
Dale’s Formula for Success
Although Phelps, Robert Lucas and Dale,
all of them Nobel laureates, not always agreed
on the details and took different direction in
the pursuit of the goal, they shared a common
view that macroeconomics needs a foundation
in equilibrium market analysis based on the
principle that agents in such markets act in their
own self interest. Dale’s paper ”Job Search, the
Duration of Unemployment and the Phillips
Curve”, published in 1970 in the American
Economic Review, was an attempt to interpret
the Phillips curve by means of an example. The
author, however, believes that in this dimension
he failed to give a substantial contribution.
The actual contribution of this paper, along
with those of John McCall, published at
about the same time, was the new model of
a dynamic approach to the understanding of
unemployment.
Mortensen’s views were not met with
undivided acceptance, and when he presented
his model at the annual meeting of the American
Economic Association, some who attended
walked out in protest. Nevertheless, his
colleagues at Northwestern chose to promote
him to Associate Professor.
Together with his family, Mortensen spent
the academic year 1970–71 on sabbatical
visiting at the University of Essex in England.
At the time Frank Brechling and Dale were
working together on a project designed to
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obezbeđuje matematičku osnovu za ulaganja u
proizvoljan broj kapitalnih dobara.
Avgusta 1982. godine Dejl Mortensen
pozvan je zajedno sa Kenom Burdetom,
Džordžom Nojmanom i Nikolasom Kiferom
da prisustvuje prvoj konferenciji na ovu temu
u kongresnom centru Sandbjerg Manor, na jugu
Jilanda u vlasništvu Univerziteta Arhus. Učešće
na ovom skupu bilo je rezultat primene analize
tržišta rada u više zemalja.
U ranim osamdesetim Piter Dajmond i Dejl
Mortensen izdefinisali su model dvostrane
pretrage i podudarne ravnoteže. Njihovi
radovi su inkorporirali koncept odgovarajućih
funkcija i pretpostavke da se plate određuju
kroz bilateralne pregovore. Nakon pojave ovih
njihovih radova, Kristofer Pisarides je završio
svoja istraživanja koja su postala poznata pod
imenom DMP model tržišta rada. U narednim
izučavanjima Dejl je sa Krisom istraživao
implikacije modela za širok spektar vladinih
politika, uključujući i zaštitu zaposlenja. Otkrili
su da je njihov model odlično detektovao glavne
efekte ograničenja otpuštanja radnika, koji
se reflektuju u smanjenom tipičnom protoku
radnika iz radnog odnosa do nezaposlenosti i
od nezaposlenosti do zaposlenja. Prema ovom
modelu, privrede koje imaju nefleksibilno
tržište rada iskusile su u poslednjih 30 godina
probleme prilagođavanja promenama u
tehnologiji.
I nakon ovih istraživanja Dejl je nastavio sa
novim izučavanjima sam ili sa svojim kolegama,
profesorima i saradnicima. Osim toga, nastavio
je i sa predavanjima na mnogim univerzitetima:
Univerzitetu u Eseksu, Univerzitetu Kornel,
Kalifornijskom institutu za tehnologiju,
Univerzitetu u Njujorku, Univerzitetu Arhus,
Univerzitetu Nortvestern. U vreme kada mu je
dodeljena Nobelova nagrada, Mortensen je bio
redovni profesor na Univerzitetu Nortvestern.
Preminuo je nedavno, 9. januara 2014. godine.
Na osnovu izjava kolega i saradnika po
dobijanju Nobelove nagrade očigledno je
da je Mortensen omiljen na fakultetu, među
profesorima i studentima. Džoel Mokir, profesor
na Nortvesternu, ovako je ukratko opisao Dejla:
"On je divan kolega i veliki čovek. Njegov rad
je bio prosto neverovatan i objašnjava mnogo o
tome zašto u svakom trenutku ima mnogo ljudi
koji ne rade. Daje nam veoma bogatu i korisnu
teoriju nezaposlenosti koja se veoma razlikuje
od našeg poimanja nezaposlenosti".
Dejl je u svojoj biografiji za sajt posvećen
nobelovcima istakao da je stara izreka "Iza
svakog uspešnog čoveka stoji uspešna žena"
potvrđena u njegovom slučaju. Oženio je
Beverli još u studentskim danima, četiri godine
kasnije imao je doktorat i troje dece. Beverli
se u braku aktivno bavila muzikom, naročito
komponovanjem. Izveli su decu na put, svi su
završili fakultete i od njih imaju osam unučadi.
Dejlova supruga se vratila na fakultet kada su
im deca završila studije, doktorirala i zaposlila
se kao profesor.
Prijatelji Dejla Mortensena su ga često pitali
kako je uspeo da 45 godina ima isti posao i 47
godina istu ženu. On je za njih imao jednostavan
odgovor: "U oba slučaja napravio sam odličan
izbor!"
Literatura / References
1. "Dale T. Mortensen - Facts". Nobelprize.
org. Nobel Media AB 2013. Web. 9 Jun
2014.
prizes/economic-sciences/laureates/2010/
mortensen-facts.html>
2. Petrović Vesna, Nobelova nagrada - prestiž
u svijetu nauke - izazovi savremene
ekonomije, Ekonomist, br. 8, Univerzitet
u Istočnom Sarajevu, Fakultet poslovne
ekonomije, Bijeljina
3. Dale Mortensen, Nobel Laureate, Dies AT
78, Nortwestern University
4. The Daily Nortwestern, Nortwestern
remembers economics professor Dale
Mortensen in memoral service
137
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formulate and estimate a model of employment
dynamics based on the idea that the process of
recruiting and hiring workers was a time and
resource consuming process. As part of that
project, he wrote a paper “Generalized Costs
of Adjustment and Dynamic Factor Demand
Theory”, which provided a mathematical
foundation for investment in an arbitrary
number of capital goods.
In August 1982, together with Ken
Burdett, George Neumann and Nicholas
Kiefer, Mortensen was invited to attend the
first conference featuring these data held at
Sandbjerg Manor, a convention center in the
south of Jutland, owned by Aarhus University.
The participation at this conference came as a
result of the implementation of labor market
analysis in several countries.
In the early 80s, Peter Diamond and Dale
Mortensen were both creating models of
two sided search and matching equilibrium.
These papers incorporated the concept of a
matching function and assumed that wages
were determined through bilateral bargaining.
Shortly after the appearance of these papers,
Christopher Pissarides completed what became
known at the Diamond-Mortensen-Pissarides or
DMP model of the labor market. In a subsequent
series of co-authored papers, Chris and Dale also
investigated the implications of the model for a
wide variety of government policies including
employment protection. They found that their
model did a good job of capturing the principal
effects of firing restrictions, a reduction in both
the typical flow of workers from employment
to unemployment and from unemployment
to employment. According to the model,
economies with labor market inflexibilities
of this kind have problems adjusting to the
changes in technology experienced in the last
thirty years.
Following these investigations, Dale
continued his research either alone or in
cooperation with his colleagues, professors
and associates. Besides, he continued to teach at
many universities: University of Essex, Cornell
University, California Institute of Technology,
University of New York, Aarhus University,
and Northwestern University. At the time he
received the Nobel Prize, Mortensen was a
full-time professor at Northwestern. He passed
away recently, on 9 January 2014.
Judging from the statements of his
colleagues and associates after Mortensen won
the Nobel Prize, he was obviously beloved at
the university, both among the professors and
among the students. Joel Mokyr, Professor at
Northwestern, described Dale in a few words:
“He is a wonderful colleague and a great
human being, and his work has been absolutely
pathbreaking. He explains a great deal about
why at any given point in time there are a lot
of people who are not working, and he gives
a very rich and extremely useful theory of
unemployment that’s very different from our
normal ideas of unemployment.”
As Dale himself underlined in his biography,
written for the Nobel Prize winners website, the
old saying that “behind every great man there
is a great woman” perfectly fits his case. He
married Beverly while they were both students.
Four years later, he had three children and his
PhD degree. Later on, Beverly was actively
engaged in music, especially composing. They
raised their children successfully, all of them
graduated from universities, and endowed
them with eight grandchildren. Dale’s wife
returned to college after their children had
graduated, obtained her own PhD degree, and
started teaching as a professor.
The friends of Dale Mortensen often asked
him how it is that he has had the same job for
45 years and the same wife for 47. His response
was simple: “Both are excellent matches!”
Dejl Mortensen sa suprugom Beverli
Dale T. Mortensen with his wife Beverly
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