What is happening in the European Union on climate change? European Union – present situation



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tarix26.09.2018
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What is happening in the European Union on climate change?


1. European Union – present situation



The EU’s projected progress towards its Kyoto Commitments



The EU’s share of greenhouse gas emissions



Energy mix, EU-15, business as usual



Europeans are feeling the ‘heat’

  • Europe has warmed more than the global average, with a 0.95 °C increase since 1900.

  • Temperatures in winter have increased more than in summer.

  • The warming has been greatest in the most northern latitudes and the Iberian Peninsula.

  • From 1990 to 2100, the global average temperature is projected to increase by 1.4–5.8 °C and 2–6.3 °C for Europe.





2. Selected EU policies and actions





EU climate policies: The ‘broadbrush’ overview



European Climate Change Programme (ECCP) – engagement of social actors



ECCP: Recently adopted domestic measures





Use of Kyoto Mechanisms: Planned purchases by Member States (in addition to company use!)



ECCP “push” policies: Development and demonstration of new technologies

  • Research & Technology Development:

    • 6th Framework Programme (5-yr): energy (€ 800 million), transport (€ 600 million), global change and ecosystems (€ 700 million) or more than € 420 mill p.a.
    • Financial Perspectives 2007-2013 (state of negotiations): energy (€ 2.2 billion), transport (€ 4.1 billion), environment (€ 1.8 billion) or more than € 1.1 billion p.a.
    • Technology Platforms: hydrogen and fuel cells, zero emission fossil fuel power plants
  • Demonstration programmes:

    • Intelligent Energy for Europe (e.g. ALTENER, SAVE, COOPENER, STEER)
    • LIFE, LIFE+
    • Competitiveness and Innovation Programme (2007-2013, proposed)


ECCP: Ongoing domestic legislative work….

  • Energy

  • Proposal for a framework directive on eco-efficiency requirements for energy-using products

  • Proposal for a Directive on energy end-use efficiency and energy services

  • Transport

  • Proposal for improvements in infrastructure use and charging

  • Proposal on special tax arrangements for diesel fuel used for commercial purposes and on the alignment of excise duties on petrol and diesel fuel

  • Proposal for a regulation on the granting of Community financial assistance to improve the environmental performance of the freight transport system (Marco Polo I and II program)

  • Products

  • Proposal for legislative action on fluorinated gases



ECCP II long-term challenge: Making the EU fit for post-2012

  • Aviation – Start Nov. 2005  Legislative proposal

  • Integrated approach on CO2 emissions of light duty vehicles – Start December 2005 Revised Community strategy to reduce CO2 emissions from light-duty vehicles (end 2006)

  • Carbon dioxide capture and geological storage – start March 2006 (report June 2006)  Legislative proposal (2007)

  • Impacts and Adaptation – start April 2006  Green Paper on adaptation (November 2006)

  • EU ETS Review – start after the summer break 2006 legislative proposal mid-2007

  • Sectoral studies – 2006-08: In-depth sectoral studies assessing emission potential and establishing marginal abatement costs groundwork for legislative proposals after 2008



3. Building together another future



The EU’s level of aspiration



Deep reductions are required



Reducing global emissions is affordable through global action



- negotiation space

  • Five essential elements:

  • Build on Kyoto

  • Broaden participation

  • Include more sectors and all gases

  • Deploy and develop technologies

  • Adapt to the effects of residual climate change



Whatever we decide, we must rise to the challenge: e.g. incremental finance required in the energy sector

  • Total BAU investment: US$ 17 trillion incl. Universal Access to Electricity until 2030

  • Price tag for climate-friendly: + 15 % = US$ 2.6 trillion in 25 years (~ 0.3 % of global annual GDP); i.e. approximately US$ 100 billion per year of which ~ 50 % in developing countries (IBRD: US$ 20–120 billion)



Whatever we decide, we must rise to the challenge: e.g. incremental finance required in the energy sector

  • Total BAU investment: US$ 17 trillion incl. Universal Access to Electricity until 2030

  • Price tag for climate-friendly: + 15 % = US$ 2.6 trillion in 25 years (~ 0.3 % of global annual GDP); i.e. approximately US$ 100 billion per year of which ~ 50 % in developing countries (IBRD: US$ 20–120 billion)



Creating international political momentum

  • Platforms:

    • UNFCCC
    • G8, esp. Gleneagles Dialogue, IBRD Investment Framework, IEA
    • Bilateral Summits (US, Russia, India, China, Japan…)
    • Climate Change & Energy Partnerships (India, China, Russia…)
    • Strengthen policy analysis and dialogue (e.g. BASIC, IEA…)
    • US-led technology initiatives (CSLF, hydrogen,…)
  • Instruments:

    • Carbon Market, e.g. Clean Development Mechanism (€ 2.7 billion from MS, total 2.1 bn tonnes CO2eq by 2012 of which almost 90 % through CDM)
    • Country Strategy-based funding (e.g. policy dialogues, Energy-Environment-Programs)
    • New Public and Public/Private Partnership funding instruments: European Investment Bank/funding for CCS
    • Research and Technology Development Funds




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