Understanding Black-White Wage Differentials, 1960-1990

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Understanding Black-White Wage Differentials, 1960-1990

Author(s): James J. Heckman, Thomas M. Lyons, Petra E. Todd

Source: 

The American Economic Review, Vol. 90, No. 2, Papers and Proceedings of the One

Hundred Twelfth Annual Meeting of the American Economic Association, (May, 2000), pp. 344

-349

Published by: American Economic Association

Stable URL: 

http://www.jstor.org/stable/117248

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Document Outline

• Article Contents
  • p. 344
  • p. 345
  • p. 346
  • p. 347
  • p. 348
  • p. 349
• Issue Table of Contents
  • American Economic Review, Vol. 90, No. 2, May, 2000
    • Volume Information [pp.  i - v]
    • Front Matter [pp.  viii - viii]
    • Editors' Introduction [p.  vi]
    • Foreword [p.  vii]
    • Richard T. Ely Lecture
      • International Financial Crises: Causes, Prevention, and Cures [pp.  1 - 16]
    • The near Crash of 1998
      • Crisis and Risk Management [pp.  17 - 21]
      • Tunneling [pp.  22 - 27]
      • U.S. Banks, Crises, and Bailouts: From Mexico to LTCM [pp.  28 - 31]
    • Restructuring the International Financial System
      • Floating, Fixed, or Super-Fixed? Dollarization Joins the Menu of Exchange-Rate Options [pp.  32 - 37]
      • Conflicting Demands on the International Monetary Fund [pp.  38 - 42]
      • Rules and Authorities in International Monetary Arrangements: The Role of the Central Bank [pp.  43 - 47]
    • Macroeconomic Stabilization and Exchange-Rate Regimes: Alternative Scenarios
      • Why Did the Ruble Collapse in August 1998? [pp.  48 - 52]
      • The Polish Zloty, 1990-1999: Success and Underperformance [pp.  53 - 58]
    • Macroeconomics of Emerging Markets
      • Capital-Markets Crises and Economic Collapse in Emerging Markets: An Informational-Frictions Approach [pp.  59 - 64]
      • The Mirage of Floating Exchange Rates [pp.  65 - 70]
      • Exchange-Rate Policy for Developing Countries [pp.  71 - 75]
    • Teaching Macroeconomic Principles
      • Telling Better Stories in Introductory Macro [pp.  76 - 80]
      • Eight Reasons Why Real versus Nominal Interest Rates Is the Most Important Concept in Macroeconomics Principles Courses [pp.  81 - 84]
      • The Principles of Macroeconomics at the Millennium [pp.  85 - 89]
      • Teaching Modern Macroeconomics at the Principles Level [pp.  90 - 94]
    • Inflation Targeting
      • The First Year of the Eurosystem: Inflation Targeting or Not? [pp.  95 - 99]
      • Pitfalls of Forward-Looking Monetary Policy [pp.  100 - 104]
      • Inflation Targeting in Emerging-Market Countries [pp.  105 - 109]
    • The Role of Microeconomic Heterogeneity in Macroeconomics
      • Requiem for the Representative Consumer? Aggregate Implications of Microeconomic Consumption Behavior [pp.  110 - 115]
      • Testing the (S, s) Model [pp.  116 - 119]
      • The Savers-Spenders Theory of Fiscal Policy [pp.  120 - 125]
    • Political Economy, Governance, and Development
      • Political Losers as a Barrier to Economic Development [pp.  126 - 130]
      • Ethnicity and Development in Africa: A Reappraisal [pp.  131 - 134]
      • Capture and Governance at Local and National Levels [pp.  135 - 139]
      • Participatory Politics, Social Cooperation, and Economic Stability [pp.  140 - 144]
    • Empirical Testing of Trade Theories
      • Beyond the Algebra of Explanation: HOV for the Technology Age [pp.  145 - 149]
      • International Trade as an "Integrated Equilibrium": New Perspectives [pp.  150 - 154]
      • Aggregation Bias in the Factor Content of Trade: Evidence from U.S. Manufacturing [pp.  155 - 160]
    • Industry-Level Productivity and Competitiveness between Canada and the United States
      • U.S. Economic Growth at the Industry Level [pp.  161 - 167]
      • Economic and Productivity Growth in Canadian Industries [pp.  168 - 171]
      • A Comparison of Industrial Productivity Growth in Canada and the United States [pp.  172 - 175]
      • Productivity Levels and International Competitiveness between Canadian and U.S. Industries [pp.  176 - 179]
    • Economic Policy Issues regarding Microsoft
      • The IBM and Microsoft Cases: What's the Difference? [pp.  180 - 183]
      • A Competitive Perspective on Internet Explorer [pp.  184 - 187]
      • Toward a Quantification of the Effects of Microsoft's Conduct [pp.  188 - 191]
      • Antitrust Issues in Schumpeterian Industries [pp.  192 - 196]
    • Executive Compensation
      • Has the "Million-Dollar Cap" Affected CEO Pay? [pp.  197 - 202]
      • Agents with and without Principals [pp.  203 - 208]
      • Optimal Exercise Prices for Executive Stock Options [pp.  209 - 214]
    • The NBER/Sloan Project on Industrial Technology and Productivity: Incorporating Learning from Plant Visits and Interviews into Economic Research
      • Knowledge Spillovers and Patent Citations: Evidence from a Survey of Inventors [pp.  215 - 218]
      • Who Benefits Most from Employee Involvement: Firms or Workers? [pp.  219 - 223]
      • Is Cost-Cutting Evidence of X-Inefficiency? [pp.  224 - 227]
      • Economists and Field Research: "You Can Observe a Lot Just by Watching" [pp.  228 - 232]
    • The Economics of Waste
      • Can Downstream Waste Disposal Policies Encourage Upstream "Design for Environment"? [pp.  233 - 237]
      • Two Generalizations of a Deposit-Refund System [pp.  238 - 242]
      • Restricting the Trash Trade [pp.  243 - 246]
    • Getting the 21st-Century GDP Right
      • Economic Measurement: Progress and Challenges [pp.  247 - 252]
      • Getting the 21st-Century GDP Right: What's Underway? [pp.  253 - 258]
      • New Directions in National Economic Accounting [pp.  259 - 263]
    • Taxing the Rich
      • The Income and Tax Share of Very High-Income Households, 1960-1995 [pp.  264 - 270]
      • Taxes, High-Income Executives, and the Perils of Revenue Estimation in the New Economy [pp.  271 - 275]
      • Capital-Gains Realizations of the Rich and Sophisticated [pp.  276 - 282]
      • Tax Policy and Entrepreneurial Entry [pp.  283 - 287]
    • How Well Are We and the Government Planning for the Future?
      • How Much Should Americans Be Saving for Retirement? [pp.  288 - 292]
      • Generational Accounts for the United States: An Update [pp.  293 - 296]
      • Saver Behavior and 401(k) Retirement Wealth [pp.  297 - 302]
      • Generational Aspects of Medicare [pp.  303 - 307]
    • Cross-National Comparisons of Racial and Ethnic Economic Inequality
      • Racial and Ethnic Economic Inequality: The International Record [pp.  308 - 311]
      • Persistent Discrimination: Racial Disparity in the United States, 1967-1988 [pp.  312 - 316]
      • Intergroup Economic Inequality in South Africa: The Post-Apartheid Era [pp.  317 - 321]
      • Does Caste Still Define Disparity? A Look at Inequality in Kerala, India [pp.  322 - 325]
    • Economic Well-Being of African-Americans
      • The Convergence in Black-White Infant Mortality Rates during the 1960's [pp.  326 - 332]
      • Labor-Market Dropouts and the Racial Wage Gap: 1940-1990 [pp.  333 - 338]
      • Evaluating a Simple Method for Estimating Black-White Gaps in Median Wages [pp.  339 - 343]
      • Understanding Black-White Wage Differentials, 1960-1990 [pp.  344 - 349]
    • New Issues in Immigration
      • Immigration, Social Security, and Broader Fiscal Impacts [pp.  350 - 354]
      • Foreign-Born Teaching Assistants and the Academic Performance of Undergraduates [pp.  355 - 359]
      • Do Immigrant Inflows Lead to Native Outflows? [pp.  360 - 367]
      • Immigrant Earnings Assimilation: Estimates from Longitudinal Data [pp.  368 - 372]
    • Policy Effects on Family Structure and Fertility
      • Welfare Benefits and Female Headship in U.S. Time Series [pp.  373 - 377]
      • The Economics of Fatherhood [pp.  378 - 382]
      • Women on Welfare: A Macroeconomic Analysis [pp.  383 - 388]
      • Carrots and Sticks: Fertility Effects of China's Population Policies [pp.  389 - 392]
    • Child Outcomes in Africa
      • Child Health and Household Resources in South Africa: Evidence from the Old Age Pension Program [pp.  393 - 398]
      • Agricultural Volatility and Investments in Children [pp.  399 - 404]
      • Sibling Rivalry in Africa [pp.  405 - 409]
    • Unresolved Issues in Personnel Economics
      • The Power of Incentives [pp.  410 - 414]
      • The Use of Performance Measures in Incentive Contracting [pp.  415 - 420]
      • What Trade-Off of Risk and Incentives? [pp.  421 - 425]
    • Preferences, Behavior, and Welfare
      • Emotions in Economic Theory and Economic Behavior [pp.  426 - 432]
      • A Boundedly Rational Decision Algorithm [pp.  433 - 438]
      • Thinking and Feeling [pp.  439 - 443]
    • Women's Labor-Market Gains in the 1980's and Future Prospects
      • Growth in Women's Relative Wages and in Inequality among Men: One Phenomenon or Two? [pp.  444 - 449]
      • The Rise of Female Professionals: Are Women Responding to Skill Demand? [pp.  450 - 455]
      • Are Women's Wage Gains Men's Losses? A Distributional Test [pp.  456 - 460]
      • Career and Marriage in the Age of the Pill [pp.  461 - 465]
    • Women and Economics: Education and Impact
      • Why Are Women Such Reluctant Economists? Evidence from Liberal Arts Colleges [pp.  466 - 470]
      • Do Colleges Shortchange Women? Gender Differences in the Transition from College to Work [pp.  471 - 475]
      • Harriet Taylor Mill [pp.  476 - 479]
      • Nineteenth-Century American Feminist Economics: From Caroline Dall to Charlotte Perkins Gilman [pp.  480 - 484]
    • Proceedings of the One Hundred Twelfth Annual Meeting [pp.  485 - 536]
    • Back Matter [pp.  i - xxiv]