Two new Achillea L. (Asteraceae) species from Turkey Zeki aytaç*, Hayri duman, Murat ekiCİ
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- Bu səhifədəki naviqasiya:
- 2. Materials and methods
- 3. Results
- Paratype
- Key words
- Achene structure
- Etymology
- Achillea baltai
- Distribution
- Figure 6.
| 373 http://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/botany/ Turkish Journal of Botany Turk J Bot (2016) 40: 373-379 © TÜBİTAK doi:10.3906/bot-1504-19
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Gazi University, Teknikokullar, Ankara, Turkey * Correspondence: zaytac@gazi.edu.tr
Compositae (Asteraceae) has about 23,000 species, 1620 genera, 30 tribes, and 5 subfamilies throughout the world (Kubitzki, 2007). Achillea is included in the Anthemideae Cass. tribe and is represented by about 115 taxa in the world. According to the latest studies, Achillea has 6 sections and 58 taxa, and 53% (31) of these are endemic to Turkey (Arabacı, 2012). All sections, except for sect. Arthrolepis Boiss. and sect. Santolinoidea DC., have more than 10 capitula on their inflorescence (Huber-Morath, 1975, 1986). Although the members of this genus are usually distributed in inner, eastern, and southeastern Anatolia, A. cretica L., A. nobilis L. subsp. densissima (O.Schwarz ex Bässler) Hub.-Mor., and A. grandifolia Friv. grow in the southwestern parts of Anatolia. Unusual specimens belonging to Achillea were collected from Babadağ during a project supported by the Ministry of the Environment and Forestry in southern Anatolia (C2, Fethiye district, Muğla Province) and during a floristic expedition in the Aladağlar Mountains (Niğde Province). All samples were compared with many other Achillea specimens collected from different localities and deposited in various herbaria in Turkey such as ANK, GAZI, HUB, and KYN (see Appendix on the journal’s website). Furthermore, all the relevant literature was checked (Huber-Morath, 1975 and 1986; Richardson, 1976; Valant- Vetschera, 1996 and 2000; Duman, 2000; Arabacı and Yıldız, 2006a and 2006b). After close examination of the specimens, we concluded that they belonged to hitherto undescribed species of sect. Santolinoidea and were closely related to A. sintenisii Hub.-Mor., A. sipikorensis Hausskn. & Bornm., A. milliana H.Duman, and A. armenorum Boiss. & Hausskn.
The morphological data used in the description of the new species were directly obtained from the authors’ collections from Muğla and Niğde and by using a binocular stereoscopic microscope when necessary. The pollen and seed morphologies of these species were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) at GAZI. The pollen was treated with 70% alcohol and then dried before mounting on stubs with gold for the SEM study. The SEM photomicrographs were taken with a JEOL JSM 6060 SEM at Gazi University. Names of the plants were checked using the IPNI database (2012) and terminologies for pollen morphology were used in accordance with Punt et al. (2007). The author names of plants were checked using Brummit and Powell (1992).
Achillea adenii Aytaç & M.Ekici sp. nov. (Figure 1) Type: Turkey, C2 Muğla, Fethiye, Babadağ, calcareous rocks, 1600–1650 m, 23.07.2011, Aytaç 10429 & M. Ekici ( holotype: GAZI; isotypes: ANK, HUB, and Yıldırımlı).
calcareous rocks, 1500–1600 m, 14.06.1993, Koyuncu 10427 & H. Duman (AEF).
DC. (Asteraceae), are described and illustrated as new species. A. adenii grows at Babadağ in Muğla Province (southwestern Anatolia), while A. baltai grows at Aladağlar in Niğde Province. Diagnostic morphological characters, which are useful in discriminating the two new species from their close relatives, A. sintenisii Hub.-Mor., A. sipikorensis Hausskn. & Bornm., and A. armenorum Boiss. & Hausskn., are presented. Some notes on the ecology, pollen and seed morphology, conservation status, and distributions of the new species and a key to related species are also given. Key words: Anatolia, Compositae, new species, Santolinoidea Received: 15.04.2015 Accepted/Published Online: 09.09.2015 Final Version: 07.06.2016 Research Article AYTAÇ et al. / Turk J Bot 374
F- palea, G- ray flowers, H- tubular flowers, I- achene (Aytaç 9779 et al.). AYTAÇ et al. / Turk J Bot 375
it differs by its longer stem (30–40 cm, not 10–25 cm); stem leaf segments always simple and ovate-lanceolate (not undivided or 3-lobed and orbicular); peduncle 5–7 cm (not 3–5 cm), single capitulum (not 1–4); only outer phyllaries pannose on middle veins, others glabrous (not tomentose to glabrescent), phyllaries with scarious margins (not scarious); ligules 10–12 mm (not 3–5.5 mm). It is similar to A. sipikorensis with its always solitary capitulum, but the ligules are 6–8 and 10–12 mm long (not 8–10(–15) and 6–8 mm long).
Stems procumbent, numerous, 30–40 cm long, with short sterile shoots, unbranched, terete, obtusely four- angled, adpressed to subadpressed tomentose. Leaves homomorphic, wooly-tomentose, linear, median cauline ones 7–16 × 1–2 mm, pinnatisect, with ovate lanceolate, 1–3-denticulate, apiculate segments 0.5–1 mm, undivided. Peduncles 5–7 cm. Capitula 1(–2) per stem, globose to hemispherical and depressed, 10–12 × 8–10 mm, broadly rounded at base. Phyllaries in 3–4 series, outer ones 10–12 mm, ovate-oblong, median ones oblong-orbicular, inner ones lanceolate, all phyllaries scarious-margined, outers ones pannose on middle vein. Receptacle paleaceous; palea 5–6 mm, linear-lanceolate, membranaceous. Ligules 6–8, white, 10–12 mm long, with three lobes; tube 3–4 mm, lobes 7–8 mm, oblanceolate; anthers yellow, slightly exerted from tube. Disc flowers cream, 50–70, 3.5–4 mm, slightly exerted from involucres; style brownish, 1–2 mm, stigma two-partite as long as style. Cypselae oblong, 2–3 mm, compressed dorsally. Papus absent. Fl & fr. 5–6, steppe, calcareous slopes, 1500–1650 m.
spheroidal, tricolporate. P = (17.28) 19.66 ± 1.21, E = (19.2) 21.8 ± 1.18 (23.28). Ornamentation is echinate to perforate (Figures 2A and 2B). Achene structure: Cypselae oblong, 2–3 mm, compressed dorsally. Ornamentation is reticulate (Figures 3A and 3B).
AYTAÇ et al. / Turk J Bot 376
granddaughter of the first author. Conservational status: The specimens were collected in C2 Muğla (Fethiye) Province, where the species seems to be rare in its habitat. It is known from two different localities. The range of this local endemic species is restricted to a single location (IUCN Criteria B1a). Populations are pure, with an area of occupancy smaller than 10 km 2 , and according to field observations, it is estimated that the total number of individuals of this endemic species does not exceed 70–80 in its single locality (criteria B2a). Therefore, we suggest that Achillea adenii should be evaluated as Critically Endangered (CR) according to the IUCN (2011).
2100 m, 08.06.2013, calcareous rocks, Duman 10321 & T. Balta, holotype: GAZI; isotypes: ANK, HUB, Yıldırımlı.
but differs by its narrower leaves (7–15 × 1–1.5 mm, not 5–20 × 1.5–4); longer peduncle 10–20 (not 5–10(–20) mm; phyllaries 3(–4) (not 4); ray flowers white (not reddish- purple between lamina and tube); disc flowers completely white (not tube reddish-purple, lobes white). Ligule 6–8 and 5–6 mm long (not 8–10 and 1.5–2.5 mm long).
Stems procumbent, numerous, 15–20 cm long, with short sterile shoots, unbranched, terete, longitudinally striped, densely wooly-tomentose. Leaves densely wooly- tomentose, oblong-linear, 7–15 × 1–1.5 mm, pinnatilobate, segments imbricate, minute, undivided, ovate-triangular, acuminate to denticulate; median cauline and upper leaves 3–10 × 1–2 mm, pinnatisect, segments densely imbricate, to 3-lobed, with orbicular, 1-denticulate lobes 0.3–5 mm. Peduncles 1–2 cm. Capitula 3–9, corymbose, 2–3 cm broad, involucre hemispherical to globose, 5–8 × 4–8 mm.
F- inner phyllaries, G- palea, H- ray flowers, I- tubular flowers, J- achene (Duman 10321). AYTAÇ et al. / Turk J Bot 377 Phyllaries in 3(–4) series, outer ones 2.5–3 × 1–2 mm ovate-lanceolate, median ones oblong-lanceolate, (2–)3 × 1–1.5 mm, inner ones as long as median, ±linear, all phyllaries with scarious brownish margins, white and hairy. Receptacle paleaceous, palea 2.5–3 mm, linear-lanceolate, densely long white and hairy. Ligules 6–8, white, reddish- purple base of limb and tube, 5–6 mm, with 3 lobes; tube 2–3 mm, lobes 2–3 mm; anthers yellowish, exerted from tube. Disc flowers reddish-purple above, 15–20, 2.5–3 mm, exerted from involucre; style brownish, 1–2 mm, stigma 2-partite, as long as style. Cypselae oblong, 1.5–2 (immature) mm, compressed dorsally. Pappus absent. Fl & fr. 5–6, steppe, calcareous slopes, 2050–2100 m. Pollen structure: Pollen grains of A. baltai are oblate- spheroidal, tricolporate. P = (16.32) 19.49 ± 1.35, E = (19.2) 21.73 ± 1.18 (24.00). Ornamentation is echinate to perforate (Figures 5A and 5B). Etymology: This species is named in honor of Tolga Balta, who was one of the collectors and supporters of this field trip.
at C6 Niğde, Pozantı Dağı (Niğde Province), where the species seems to be very local. It is known from the type collections. The range of this local endemic species is restricted to a single location (IUCN Criteria B1a). Populations are pure, with an area of occupancy smaller than 10 km 2 , and according to field observations, it is estimated that the total number of individuals of this endemic species does not exceed 70–80 in its single locality (Criteria B2a). Therefore, we suggest that A. baltai should be evaluated as Critically Endangered (CR) according to the IUCN (2011).
from the type locality in southern Anatolia, an E. Medit. element, endemic. A. baltai is known only from the type locality in central Anatolia, an Irano-Turanian element, endemic (Figure 6).
While many members of the genus Achillea have more than one capitula on their stems, some members of sect. Artholepis and sect. Santolinoidea have 1–4 capitula on their stems. Only A. sipikorensis has one capitulum, while A. sintenisii, A. monocephala Boiss. & Balansa, A. brachyphylla Boiss. & Hausskn., A. membranacea (Labill.) DC., A. oligocephala DC., A. gypsicola Hub.-Mor., A. sivasica Çelik & Akpulat, A. ketenoglui Duman, A. armenorum Boiss. & Hausskn., A milliana H.Duman, and A hamzaoglui Arabacı & Budak have 1–10 and sometimes more than 10. All species mentioned above grow within the Irano-Turanian phytogeographic region. A. adenii is an E. Mediterranean element and is close to A. sipikorensis by having one capitulum. It is also close to A. sintenisii by having a number of capitula and ray flowers. While A. sipikorensis and A. sintenisii grow in serpentine or gypsum soil and on calcareous substrates or gypsum, respectively, in the eastern parts of Anatolia, A. adenii grows in calcareous soil in the southwestern parts of Anatolia. This new species is different from its related species in its geographic distribution and ecological properties. The comparison of A. adenii, A. sipikorensis, and A. sintenisii is given in Table 1. Achillea baltai is very close to A. armenorum, but all other Achillea species that grow in Turkey have white, cream, or yellow ligules and disc flowers, while only A. armenorum has reddish-purple disc flowers. Moreover, the leaves of A. baltai are narrower and are distinctly imbricate. It is also closely related to A. milliana H.Duman, but disc flowers are 15–20 (not 40–50) and capitula more than 5. Achillea baltai grows on calcareous rocks and in high steppe regions in the Irano-Turanian region. The comparison of A. armenorum and A. milliana is given in Table 2. The pollen grains of these two species are oblate- spheroidal, like other Achillea species. According to
AYTAÇ et al. / Turk J Bot 378
A. milliana ♦, city centers ●. Table 1. Comparison of Achillea adenii with 2 morphologically related Achillea species.
Characters A. adenii A. sipikorensis A. sintenisii Stem
30–40 cm 10–20 cm
10–25 cm Peduncle
5–7 cm (1.5–)3–8 cm (1–)3–5 cm Capitula
Always solitary, 10–12 × 8–10 mm Always solitary, 6–10 × 7–20 mm 1–4, 4–5 × (5–)6–10 mm Ray flowers 6–8, 10–12 mm 8–10(–15), 6–8 mm 6–8, 3.5–5 mm Outer phyllaries Scarious margins, glabrous Scarious brownish margins, puberulent to glabrescent Scarious brownish margins, tomentose to glabrescent Cypselae
Oblong, 2–3 mm Linear-oblanceolate, 2.5-3 mm Oblong, 2 mm Habitat
Calcareous slopes Gypsum and serpentine Calcareous rocks and gypsum hills
Characters A. baltai A. armenorum A. milliana Leaves
7–15 × 1–1.5 mm, strongly imbricate 5–20 × 1.5–4 mm, ±imbricate 5–10 × 1–1.5 mm, densely imbricate Peduncle
10–20 mm 5–10(–20) mm 5–20 mm Ligules
6–8, 5–6 mm, white 8–10, 1.5–2.5 mm, white 6–8, 4–4.5 mm, white Disc flowers White to cream, 2.5–3 mm long Reddish-purple, 3-4 mm long White, 2–2.5 mm long Palea
Linear-lanceolate densely long pilose, whitish above Lanceolate, with spreading pilose, brownish above Lanceolate, with spreading pilose, brownish above Cypselae (Immature) oblong Linear-oblanceolate Linear-oblanceolate AYTAÇ et al. / Turk J Bot 379 previous studies (Akyalçın et al., 2011; Akyalçin et al., 2014), the pollen ornamentations are echinate in light microscopy and echinate-microperforate and echinate- rugulate microperforate in SEM. In conclusion, the species examined showed substantial variation in pollen characteristics at both the interspecific and intraspecific levels.
Key to A. adenii, A. sipikorensis, A. sintenisii, A. armenorum, A. milliana, and A. baltai 1- Capitula solitary (–2) 2- Ligules 8–10(–15); capitula 6–10 – 7–20 mm..……… …………….......................................……..A. sipikorensis 2- Ligules 6–8; capitula 10–12 × 8–10 mm……...A. adenii 1- Capitula more than one 3- Leaves linear; ligules 6–8; disc and ligules completely white 4- Capitula (1–)2–5(–6); disc flowers 40–60 5- Peduncles (1–)3–5 cm; palea glabrous……..A. sintenisii 5- Peduncles 0.5–2 cm; palea pilose……....…..A. milliana 4- Capitula 5–10; disc flowers 15–20…….…..…..A. baltai 3- Leaves linear-oblong; ligules 8–10; tube of disc flowers and between limb and tube of ligules reddish to reddish-purple……….....………………A. armenorum Acknowledgments We want to thank Semra Sert for the illustration and Ahter Vişne for comments on pollen and achene structure. A. adenii was collected from Fethiye district during the “Determination of Biodiversity Project for the Fethiye County, Muğla Province and Special Environmental Protection Area”. A. baltai was collected during one of the field trips supported by Tolga Balta, who is the general director of ENCON (Environmental Consultancy Co.).
Akyalçın H, Arabacı T, Yıldız B (2011). Pollen morphology of six Achillea L. sect. Achillea (Asteraceae) species in Turkey. Turk J Bot 35: 183–201. Akyalçin H, Arabaci T, Yildiz B (2014). Pollen morphology of some Achillea L. sect. Babounya (DC.) O. Hoffm. (Asteraceae) species from Turkey. Acta Bot Gallica 161: 129–149. Arabacı T (2012). Achillea L. In: Güner A, Aslan S, Ekim T, Vural M, Babaç MT, editors. Türkiye Bitkileri Listesi (Damarlı Bitkiler). İstanbul, Turkey: Nezahat Gökyiğit Botanik Bahçesi ve Flora Araştırmaları Derneği Yayını, pp. 108–112. Arabacı T, Yıldız B (2006a). Rediscovery of Achillea boissieri Haussk. ex Boiss. later 140 years. Feddes Repert 117: 459–465. Arabacı T, Yıldız B (2006b). Achillea salicifolia Besser subsp. salicifolia (Asteraceae) in Turkey with Taxonomic Remarks. Turk J Bot 30: 171–174. Brummit RK, Powell CE, editors (1992). Authors of Plant Names. Kew, UK: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Duman H (2000). Achillea L. In: Güner A, Özhatay N, Ekim T, Başer KHC, editors. Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands (Suppl. 2), Vol. 11. 1st ed. Edinburgh, UK: Edinburgh University Press, pp. 158–159. Huber-Morath A (1975). Achillea L. In: Davis PH, editor. Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, Vol. 5. 1st ed. Edinburgh, UK: Edinburgh University Press, pp. 224–252. Huber-Morarth A (1986). Achillea L. In: Rechinger KH, editor. Flora Iranica, Compositae VI — Anthemideae L., Vol. 158. Graz, Austria: Akademische Druck- und Verlagsanstalt, pp. 49–71. IPNI (2012). International Plant Names Check-List. Available online at http://www.ipni.org/ipni/authorsearchpage.do. IUCN (2011). IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1. IUCN Species Survival Commission. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. Kubitzki K (2007). Flowering plants. Eudicots, Asterales. In: Kadereit JW, Jeffrey C, editors. The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants. Vol. VIII. Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag, pp. 61– 575. Punt W, Hoen PP, Blackmore S, Nılsson S Le, Thomas A (2007). Glossary of pollen and spore terminology. Rev Palaeobot Palyno 143: 1–81. Richardson IBK (1976). Achillea L. In: Tutin TG, Heywood VH, Burges NA, Moore DM, Valentine SM, Webb DA, editors. Flora Europaea 4. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, pp. 159–165. Valant-Vetschera KM (1996). Lectotypification of Achillea santolina L. and Achillea falcata L. (Compositae, Anthemideae). Bot J Linn Soc 121: 159–168. Valant-Vetschera KM, Kastner A (2000). Character analysis in Achillea sect. Santolinoidea (Compositae–Anthemideae): Part 1, leaf and floral morphology. Edinb J Bot 57: 189–208. AYTAÇ et al. / Turk J Bot 1
Specimens examined: Achillea sipikorensis: B6 Kayseri: Kırklar geçidi, 2000–2250 m, 28.06.2009, Aytaç 8602 GAZI; Sivas, Gürün 3 km E Ulaş, 06.06.1990, 1360 m, Nydegger 45652 GAZI; Sivas: Gürün, Akpınar, 15.06.1992, 1650 m, Nydegger 4628 GAZI. Sivas around airport, Çebiler köyü, 1310 m, step, 19.07.2008, Güner et al. 14910, GAZI; B7 Sivas: Yıldızeli, Çırçır village, 1300 m, steppe, 30.07.1996, Dönmez 5337 HUB; Kangal, Hanyeri Bridge, 1577 m, steppe, 31.06.2011, Özüdoğru 3160, HUB. A. sintenisii: A6 Sivas: Cebiler köyü, 1310 m, jipsli step, 19.07.2008, Güner 14790 et al. GAZI; ibid. Tepeönü köyü, 1350 m, 08.07.2008 Aytaç 9012 et al. GAZI; Kangal, Mescitli–Kavak, 1660–1670 m, kireçli yamaçlar, 11.07.2007, Aytaç 9096 et al. GAZI; Hafik, Topçu Yeniköy, 1375 m, 01.06.2003, Aytaç 8488, GAZI; Hafik, Tavşanlı köyü, Tepeli mevkii, jipsli topraklar, 27.07.1991, Hamzaoğlu 3914 & Aydoğdu, capitula (1–2) usually 3, GAZI; Kayseri–Sivas 11 km, Kayadibi, 1340 m, 13.07.1992, Nydegger 46258, GAZI. Achillea armenorum: B6 Kahramanmaraş, Göksun, Çardak, Ericek village, Berit Dağı, Arpaçukuru yaylası, 2600 m, kayalıklar, 24.07.1992, Aytaç 5516 & Duman, GAZI, type locality; ibid. 25.07.1992, Aytaç 5532 & Duman GAZI. Achillea milliana: C6 Adana, Düziçi, Düldül dağ, 2200 m, limestone rocks, 21.VII.1995, H. Duman 5894 & K.H.C. Baser & A. Altıntaş (holo. GAZI). Yüklə 64,67 Kb. Dostları ilə paylaş:
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