TropicalCoast 4th new indd
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49 Tropical Coasts 3. having the right people to do the job;
4. being cooperative, inclusive adaptable and sharing, and fi nally be acceptable to the general public. However, despite a signifi cant amount of work at particular sites, there still exist a number of gaps in the knowledge of the status of marine turtles and their habitats and the particular conservation requirements in the Sulu-Sulawesi Seascape. Research has been focused largely on nesting habitats, and little attention has been paid – until now – to their foraging domain, where they spend over 95 percent of their time. Conservation actions have thus been linked to nesting beaches, and protection of adult turtles and eggs. Conservation schemes have ranged from awareness campaigns to programmes of gradual reduction in turtle egg dependence to outright protection of nesting beaches themselves. Looking forward, the Plan takes into consideration existing eff orts, but expands on these to address conservation needs in a series of major programmes based closely on the IOSEA MOU Conservation and Management Plan. In the SSS, female turtles are still slaughtered while they nest, and a number of adults and juveniles are caught in nets in shallow water environments. Turtles are also often accidentally killed in coastal gillnets and by local and foreign commercial shrimp trawlers which operate in nearshore waters. Hatchlings and eggs are threatened by tourism and industrial development, and eggs are collected indiscriminately throughout the turtles’ range. The Plan addresses the reduction of direct and indirect mortality of turtles, and tackles this through six themes comprising 27 focus areas. To reduce direct and indirect mortality to turtles, the plan focuses on identifying and documenting the threats to marine turtle populations, minimizing threats, implementing programmes which provide alternatives to communities dependant in some manner on marine turtles, regulating the direct capture or killing of, and domestic trade in, marine turtles, their eggs, parts or products, developing nesting beach management programmes to maximize hatchling recruitment, and promoting marine turtle rescue and rehabilitation activities. Several of the SSS coasts are in excellent condition, but threats from unregulated development, pollution sources and shipping mishaps have already, or threaten to, reduce the quality of nesting beaches and foraging sites. Coupled with this are factors such as global warming which impact coral reefs through bleaching, further reducing the quality and nutritional content of coral reefs, and erosion which impacts nesting beaches. Thus the second theme revolves around protecting and conserving marine turtle habitats, which is addressed through two themes (establishing the measures necessary to protect marine turtle habitats and rehabilitating degraded habitats) comprising 11 focus areas. Thirdly, the need for information concerning marine turtles and their nesting beaches is widely understood by research, conservation and management agencies in the region, but regarding their foraging habitats, this is mostly lacking or only recent and limited in scope, and not yet of use for determining population trends in the SSS. Given the life history characteristics of marine turtles, long- term monitoring is needed to detect changes in population structure and size at both nesting and development and foraging grounds, and information on development habitats for turtles in the SSS region is virtually non-existent. The Plan addresses the need for research and monitoring through three themes comprising 26 focus areas. To address research and monitoring, peo opl
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