To be able to: To be able to: Describe and use features of a programming language Explain the features of a program Explain the importance and limitations of programming
Programming is the process of creating a sequence of instructions to enable the computer to do something. Programming is the process of creating a sequence of instructions to enable the computer to do something. All software is develop by programming. Computer programming is often shortened to or coding) It involves designing, writing, testing, debugging, and maintaining the source code of computer programs.
Ada Byron Lovelace (1815-1852) was the world's first computer programmer. Ada Byron Lovelace (1815-1852) was the world's first computer programmer. In 1842, Ada was asked to write a scientific interpretation of the Analytical Engine and its operations. These extensive writings on the Analytical Engine later became known as the first explanation of computer programming. A computer language, Ada, was later named after her by the Ada Joint Program Office in 1964
Dr. Grace Murray Hopper was a lady in the U.S. Navy Bureau of Ships, who worked with Howard Aiken from 1944 and used his machine for gunnery and ballistics calculation Dr. Grace Murray Hopper was a lady in the U.S. Navy Bureau of Ships, who worked with Howard Aiken from 1944 and used his machine for gunnery and ballistics calculation One day, the program she was running gave incorrect results and, upon examination, a moth was found blocking one of the relays.
The bug was removed and the program performed to perfection. Since then, a program error in a computer has been called a bug. The bug was removed and the program performed to perfection. Since then, a program error in a computer has been called a bug. Debugging is a process of finding and correcting errors, in a computer program or a piece of electronic hardware.
A programming language is a notation for writing computer software. A programming language is a notation for writing computer software. Programming languages are can be used to create the procedures and specifications of a computation or algorithm. NB: Examples of popular programming languages include: FORTRAN (FORmular TRANslator) BASIC (Beginners’ All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code) Visual BASIC COBOL (COmmon Business-Oriented Language) C and C++ Java Pascal, Perl, e.t.c.
When computers execute programs written in languages such as BASIC, C, Java, etc., the computer must convert these humanly readable instructions into a form it can understand. When computers execute programs written in languages such as BASIC, C, Java, etc., the computer must convert these humanly readable instructions into a form it can understand. System software contains the special language translation programs that translate these higher-level language programs into machine language that the computer can execute.
System software includes a compiler, interpreter, and assembler. The program in the high-level language before translation into machine language is called source code. A compiler translates source code into machine binary code called object code.
Some programming languages such as BASIC do not use a compiler but an interpreter. Some programming languages such as BASIC do not use a compiler but an interpreter. An interpreter translates each source code statement one at a time into machine code and executes it. An assembler is similar to compiler, but it is used to translate only assembly language into machine code.
Programming languages can be classified into: Programming languages can be classified into: Low level programming languages and high level programming languages 1. Low level programming language This is a language only understood by the computer. It is normally presented in binary coded machine instructions that are understood by the CPU.
2. High Level programming languages 2. High Level programming languages This refers to an artificial language used to write instructions that can be translated into machine language and then executed by the computer
FIRST GENERATION - Machine language i.e. they required writing a long string of binary numbers to represent such operations like Add, subtract and compare SECOND GENERATION THIRD GENERATION - Algorithmic, or procedural languages for solving a particular problem
- Later FORTRAN was developed COBOL, ALGOL, APL
- BASIC
FOURTH GENETATION FIFTH GENERATION
Ada: Pascal – based language used by the department of defence ALGOL: international language for expressing algorithms APL: used for statistics and mathematical matrices BASIC: (Beginner’s All-purpose Symbolic instruction Code)
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