Robin hood places



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ROBIN HOOD PLACES
EXERCISE I
Open the brackets
Abbeys and priories
Next to the Sheriff of Nottingham , wicked churchmen _____ (seem) to be the most prolific of Robin’s enemies- from the Abbot of St. Mary’s in the first part of The Gest through the villainous monk in Robin Hood and The Monk, to the treacherous Prioress of Kirklees in The Death of Robin Hood .St. Mary’s abbey was, in fact, the richest in Yorkshire. It _____ (be) founded in AD 1087 by Benedictine Monks, there is little surviving trace of its walls, built of Tadcaster limestone .

The same, alas, is true of Kirklees priory on the outskirts of Leeds. All that survives is a part of the restored and reconstructed gatehouse of this Cistercian nunnery. Some 650 yards from the gatehouse is the supposed burial of Robin Hood. The famous medieval gravestone ______ (make) in 1665 still survives , although little of the stone itself is left to see. The drawing of the gravestone includes a partial inscription which clearly reads : “ Here lie Robard Hude, William Goldsburgh, Thomas.... “ Who William and Thomas were we have no idea : it is possible , in view of these names ______(be) written down one margin below the arms of the cross ______ (carve) on the stone, that they were added at a later dates and that the stone originally contained the name of Robard Hude alone

. One other Abbey in Yorkshire which _______(be) sometimes associated with the story of Robin Hood is Fountains Abbey. The abbey is mentioned by the name of the ballad of Robine Hood and Fryer Tucke and in Robin Hood and the Curtall Fryer. Although both ballads may have had late medieval forerunners, they are both of late date.
Barnesdale
If you look at a morden map of the area north of Doncaster and Barnsley you will have to look hard to find “Barnasdale”, but it is there , about 8 miles (12 kms) north-west of Doncaster along the Great North road. Barnasdale was never legally a “forest” at all, and medieval records have information that it was never heavily wooded. Neither was it extensive - in the 16th century the name _____ (use) for an area about 5 miles to the south. But this small area was nevertheless notorious in the Middle Ages as the lair of robbers who made a living by ______(rob )travellers on the Great North Road in the around the junction at Barnesdale Bar.

There is little to see in Barnasdale today that would remind you of Robin Hood forest, but the village of Wentbridge is still there. Wentbridge was settlement by at least the end of the 12 century. And several medieval references to it suggest it was an important stopping place for travellers on Greatb North Road. Close by , and overlooking Wentbridge and the Road , just as The Gest tells us, there is Sayles - today the name of plantation, but in Robin’s day a land - holding in the parish of Kirk Smeaton. This sport value as a look out position over the Great North Road is apparent even today.




Hathersage and Loxley
Two villages less than ten miles apart claim to contain the grave of Little John and the birthplace of Robin Hood respectively. In the churchyard of the small town Harthersage one can see a long grave, _________ (surround) by railings and head by a tombstone which records it is the last resting place of Little John. The village of Loxely, 8 miles north of Hathersage, ______(claim) to be the birthplace of Robin of Locksley. As early as 1637 it _______ (report) that there the ruins of the house “ where Robin Hood was borne” could ______ (be).

The right answers:

1 seem 2 was 3 made 4 being 5 carved 6 has been 7 was used 8 robbing 9 clams 10 be seen
2 Find the definition

1 prolific 2 villainous 3 alas 4 gravestone 5 partial 6 forerunners 7 notorious 8 vicinity 9 parish 10 extensive


a) a stone, making a grave, and usually inscribed with the name and dates of the person buried

b) prominent, outstanding

c) relating to one part ; not general or complete

d) well-known for some bad or unfavourable quality, deed, infamous

e) nasty, criminal horrible

f) unfortunately

g) person or thing that goes before another

h) a surrounding or nearby area; neighbourhood

i) a subdivision .................. , having its own church

j) having a large area


Right answers: 1b, 2e, 3f, 4a, 5c, 6g, 7d, 8h, 9i ,10j

THE AGE OF ROBIN HOOD

The name and ballads of Robin Hood are known throughout most of the world. In his life story as it is known today, he lived in the reign of Richard-I- Richard the Lionheart- at the close of the 12 century AD. His headquarters were deep in the Forest of Sherwood. __A___. He also carried on a persistent guerilla war against the Sheriff of Nottingham. Born in Loxley , and heir to the title Earl of Huntington, Robin eventually married the Lady Marian, a royal ward, and later on was pardoned by the king and was even taken into the kings service. ___B___ And finally met his death at the. cunning hands of his kinswoman. Some place his death in the year AD 1247.

The story as recounted above is the end product of many centuries of re-telling or improving the original medieval ballads of Robin Hood have no certain or known medieval origin at all. Some are known only from post medieval version which are clearly based on earlier ballads. ___C___ Altogether there are some thirty-eight “ traditional” ballads of Robin Hood, and these, whatever their period of origin and whatever the date of versions which survive, must be regarded as the prime source of evidence for Robin Hood.

To judge what age the Robin Hood lived it is necessary to understand what age the main ballads refer to ( In looking at the date of the Robin Hood ballads we can try to answer the question what age the Robin Hood lived)

___D____ These three stories and the various tales must have been circulated in the 14 century, if not earlier still. The poem of Piers Plowman reveals (display ) the popularity of some of the ballads-probably those found in the Gest- in the mid 14 century ___E__

John Major in 1521 claimed that Robin Hood was active in the early 1190’s ( in the reign of Richard-I) and would therefor survived (according to the ballads) well into the thirteenth century. Eighty years earlier, Walter Bower had written that in 1266 “arose the most famous murderer Robert Hood, as well as Little John together with their band”. Still earlier, with the first recorded proverbs mentioning Robin Hood, Andrew of Wyntoun (AD 1420) placed .the adventures of Robin and Little John between AD 1238 and 1285. We don’t know on what ground s these dates were suggested , but it seems significant that although they all differ, they all agree that Robin Hood was alive in the 13 century.



EXERCISE I

1 Match the definitions


1 guerilla 2 extent 3 ground 4 references 5 source

6 loyalty 7 persistent 8 kinswoman 9 reign 10 headquarters

A any centre or building from which operations are directed

B the period during which a monarch is the official ruler of a country

C showing continued efforts

D a member of an irregular armed force

E faithfulness

F a member of the same family

G the range over which something stretches

H the point or place from which something originates

I mentioning

J evidence

The right answers: 1-D 2- G 3-J 4-I 5-H 6-E 7-C 8-F 9-B 10-A

EXERCISE II
Insert the sentences into the text

1 But to what extent, and in what details is not always clear

2 The Gest, the longest and one of the earliest ballads was constructed out of three separate stories by about AD 1400..

3 From here he with the help of a large band of “merry people” robbed the rich to help the poor .

4 The three earliest references to Robin Hood as a historical character also place him well before 1400.

5 Eventually, however he returned to live in the forest

6 There are three points which together suggest to us that Robin Hood probably was a real historical figure.

The right answers

A-3 B-5 C-1 D-2 E-4


LIFE IN THE TIME OF ROBIN HOOD
Knights and Knighthood
Most knights were not the glamorous figures in Medieval legend. Actually, knights were fighting men who, in war time, provided service and fought on horseback and in peacetime were still expected to undertake service for a certain time each year in duties such as castle guard and escort to important travellers or valuable goods. For these services they received a knight’s fee - a grant of land.
By the mid - 12 century, many knights were already avoiding military service by paying shield money or scutage. At the same time we see the emergence of groups of ‘knights of the shire”- who became increasingly involved in jury work and other activities. By the time of Robin Hood knights of the shire were responsible in some cases for supervising deer in the royal forests and in others for overseeing the forest pasture. Such duties, which were unpaid, were waste of time and more and more men refused to take on the burdens of knighthood. Throughout the reign on Henry III the king was ordering his sheriffs to make sure that all holders of Knights’ fees and owners of land over a certain value became knights. Those who failed to do that were fined.
Life in the castle
By this time, nearly all castles were built in stone and defended by high walls, strong gateways and massive corner towers. The strongest tower usually held living rooms on the upper wooden floors. The focus of life in the castle, however, was the great hall, usually built to overlook the inner courtyard. During the banquets, the host and his guests were entertained by acrobats, jugglers, musicians or storytellers. The tables were overflowing with all types of food, including wine, beef, fish, bread and puddings.
Outlaws in Medieval Legend
There were many outlaws in Medieval England, and not surprisingly we find that Robin Hood is neither the only not the first outlaw to appear in Medieval Legend. The Medieval documents all present the same picture of outlawry in the period around the time of Robin Hood - bands were active all over England, robbing people at will, kidnapping others and demanding ransoms, ambushing traveller’s on the highways. Some of them even gained the reputation of those who were able to extort money by threats. Despite their activities, such outlaws were often helped by local people and sometimes local people were accused of offering support to the outlaws.

EXERCISE I
Find the appropriate part of a sentence:
1. A Knight’s fee was received for............... .

a) servants provided by the knights for the King

b) fighting

c) lots of things knights were supposed to do


2. Men refused to take burdens of knighthood because .............. .

a) the King paid little money

b) they did not want to be involved in local wars

c) they thought the duties time consuming


3. Men of the castle usually.................... in the great hall.

a) performed

b) had their meals whilst being amused

c) played musical instruments


4. The outlaws found plenty of help from local people because ............. .

a) people eagerly offered support to them

b) they were able to extort money by threats

c) people did not want Sheriffs to help them

5. This information is taken from ................. .

a) a book review

b) a magazine article

c) a historical book


Answers: 1c 2c 3b 4a 5 c

EXERCISE II
Find the odd word.

(Some of the lines are correct . If it is, put a tick.)


1 The forest in laws were designed to protect in

2 all both hunting animals and woodland from ................

3 all but not the King and his followers. It was ................

4 forbidden to carry away bows and arrows in ................

5 a royal forest, or to keep grey hounds. If a ...............

6 forest beast were found almost dead, then an ...............

7 inquest was being held. The enforcement of the .................

8 Forest Laws was left to the Chief Forester - .................

9 responsible for all of the royal forests - who ................

10 was represented in each one forest by Wardens ...............

11 and Foresters. The Wardens were in the fact ...............

12 powerful men.

Answers: 1 in 2 all 3 not 4 away 5 correct 6 almost 7 being 8 correct

9 of 10 one 11 the



REAL ROBIN HOOD
EXERCISE I
Put the passages into the right order

1- The dominant role of Barnesdale and places around it leaves little room for doubt that Robin Hood’s activities were placed here. This association of Robin with Barnesdale is found at an early date outside the ballads too. The earliest of chroniclers has the reference that Robin Hood was active in “Ingilwode and Bernysdaile”. We have now located Robin Hood very firmly in the area of Barnesdale to the north of Doncaster. So can we find any historical references to a Robin Hood during this period and in this area? Surprisingly the answer is yes.

2. Finally, we should perhaps consider the case of the follower of Simon de Montfort, who after the Montfort’s defeat in 1265 became the outlaw in Sherwood. Henry III offered 100 marks to Constable of Nottingham Castle to capture him. So we have here a Sherwood outlaw in the period to which the legendary Robin would seem to belong . Unfortunately, this outlaw is recorded under the name Roger Godbert and there is no reason to think he was ever known by any other name. Reluctantly, therefore, we have to remove him from our list. What certainly does emerge from the Yorkshire records is that around Barnesdale in the 13th and early 14 century there were several, probably related, Hood families. At last seven of their men in this period carried the name Robert (or Robyn). It does seem likely however, that amongst the Hoods of Barnesdale district we should look for the real Robin.

3. One of the earliest surviving references to Robin Hood, scribbled on the manuscript of the early 15th century, reads “Robyn Hod in Scherewod stod” and that is the truth which any schoolboy knows. What better place for outlaw who hunted the king’s deer, than one of the best and most famous of all Royal forests in the kingdom. Furthermore, it was in the forest close to Nottingham that Robin is said to have met the king, disguised as a monk, and all the kings possibly associated with Robin Hood, from Richard I to Edward II, are known to have hunted in Sherwood.

4. One of them is, at first sight, a particularly attractive candidate- the Robin Hood, who is recorded as being imprisoned in 1354 for minor offences in the royal forest But in the forest of Rockingham, in Northamptonshire. an area with which the legendary Robin Hood has no connections, and the period is really too late to be seriously considered. A much earlier Robin Hood, who would really fit, living in the reign of Richard I and King John, who killed Ralf of Cirencester but the records refer to the ages 1213-1216. Certainly the offence might have made Robin an outlaw, but this Robin was the servant of the Abbot of Cirencester, and the event took place there was a very long way indeed from Barnesdale.

5. Despite Sherwood’s traditional claim to be the “home” of Robin Hood, there is no doubt that the evidence of the earliest surviving ballads points very clearly to another locate as original area of activity. Only one from five earliest ballads “Robin Hood and the Monk” is focused on Nottingham. In the ballades of Robin Hood and Guy of Gisbourne, Robin identifies himself in no certain terms to his opponent- “My name is Robin Hood of Barnesdale”. And before he even meets Sir Guy, Little John has already returned to Barnesdale, where the rest of Robin’s band have been attacked . In The Gest we again can find references to that area. Such places as Sayls Great North Road belongs to Barnesdale.

The right answers : 3, 5, 1, 4, 2

EXERCISE II
1 Find the right answer

1 Robin Hood could __________ active in the north of Nottinghamshire

a) be b) being c) have been d) has been

2 The name of Robin Hood _____________ throughout most of the world

a) knows b) knew c) is known d) was known

3 Robin Hood ______________ to have lived in 13th century

a) is seemed b) was seemed c) seems d) seemed

4 The ballads can’t be used without great care to provides clues for /to any historical figure who ___________ lived behind the legends.

a) can be b) might be c) must have d) may have

5 Here stands the Major Oak where Robin and his men ____________ gather seven centuries ago.

a) get used to b) used to c) got to d) are used to

6 It was the forest close to Nottingham that Robin may have met the king ____________ as a monk

a) disguised b) been disguised c) disguising d) being disguised

7 Sherwood ___________ known as the place where Robin Hood and his men might have lived.

a) became b) has become c) had become d) becomes

8 If he had been the Robin Hood he ___________ connections with Sherwood and Barnesdale.

a) will be b) would be c) would have d) would have had

9 Little John looked as if he _______ strong

a) was b) were c) is d) are

10 In the Gest, Little John ___________ in Nottingham by the Sheriff, it is there that the archery contest was held

a) employed b) employs c) is employed d) is being employed
The right answers: 1-C 2-C 3-C 4-D 5- B 6-A 7-B 8-D 9- B 10-D

ROBIN HOOD PEOPLE
EXERCISE I
Find the most suitable word:

Next to Robin himself, the Sheriff of Nottingham is the 1)...... noticeable character in the early ballads of Robin Hood. From the very beginning of The Gest he is Robin’s principal opponent, and a man to be hated and feared. The hostility displayed towards the Sheriffs should come as 2)...... surprise in these ballads. For two hundred years the common people had been suffering from 3)...... oppression, extortion and corruption.

Many scholars believe that 4)....... the set of stories about Robin Hood there must originally have been another one about the Sheriff of Nottingham who figures prominently in the vicinity of Barnesdale. These sets became 5)...... closely intertwined later, that the only possible explanation of the fact 6)......: Robin Hood was active both in Barnesdale and Sherwood, 7)....... left one for the other as the situation demanded, or perhaps began his career in Barnesdale and then moved his activities 30-40 miles further south.

But according to historical records Robin’s enemy would not have been ‘The Sheriff of Nottingham’8)......... this title and office was not created until 1449. In the 13th and 14th century there were in fact three officers who might have been the prototype of Robin’s enemy. But Eustace of Loudham is the most plausible of 9)...... It is a man who was Sheriff with jurisdiction over both Barnesdale and Nottingham, who also administered the royal forests. It was 10)...... who as Sheriff of Yorkshire, would have been responsible 11)..... collecting and accounting for the penalties.

Another personage everyone knows is Robin’s right-hand man and faithful companion. Little John can be found in all the early ballads, and is there at the end in the ballad of “The Death of Robin Hood”.

On one hand it is possible that “Little John “ was no more than an alias. On the other hand quasi-historical testimony to a real Little John comes 12)..... the Derbyshire village of Hathersage, there still survives a medieval grave-slab with the initials J.L. carved upon it. The stone stood at the head of the grave, traditionally that of Little John, which 13)...... opened in 1784 and contained amongst other things a massive thigh bone. In the adjacent church, his bow quiver and arrows were said to have hung l4)........ removed in 1729. The bow, about 2 metres long, was kept in Cannon Hall, Barnsley, until 1951 and was first recorded in the church in 1652. It is possible that if Little John was more than a figment of balladeer’s imagination then he did indeed end his days here, some 30 miles from both Barnesdale and Sherwood.

Just as the name Little John might be an alias, so might those of other of the “merry men” in the Robin Hood legend. Will Scarlet and the Miller’s Son play notable roles in The Gest. History throws no light on the second one, but we do know that there were at least three windmills in the vicinity of Wakefield and many in West of Yorkshire in the middle ages and in the east of the country - which seems to be Robin Hood country.

Will Stutely and Alan-a-Dale, alas, 15)....... be traced back to the original ballads. They appear in ballads of the 17th century date.

The right answers:1) most 2) no 3) their or Sheriffs’ 4) alongside 5) so 6) is 7) eigher
8) because or as 9) all 10) him 11) for 12) from 13) was 14) until 15) cannot

EXERCISE II
Spot the mistakes and correct them.
0 Sir Richard of the Lee and Sir Guy of Gisbourne has have

1 become the important figures by the stories of Robin ............

2 Hood, the one representing knighthood of its best ...........

3 and other knight at its worse. It has been suggested ............

4 that a prototype for Sir Richard is one Sir Richard ............

5 Foliot, a knight of Nottinghamshire which owned ............

6 lands on the edge in Sherwood and associated in the .............

7 1270s with an outlaw Roger Godberg who is a ............

8 possible contender for the recognition like the .............

9 original Robin Hood. As Sir Richard, Sir Guy of ............

10 Gisbourne be certainly a part of the Robin Hood ............

11 story by the end of the Middle Ages, but we

12 can say little more about him.

Answers:


1 of 2 at 3 worst 4 the 5 who 6 of 7 the 8 as 9 Like 10 is


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Down:



  1. Archer – a person who shoots with a bow and arrows.

  2. Sherwood – the name of the forest famous for Robin Hood.

  3. Foe – an enemy or opponent.

  4. Hood – a covering for the head and neck with an opening for the face.

  5. Castle – a large fortified building or group of buildings of the medieval period.

  6. Marian – Robin Hood’s lady.

  7. Knight – a man of noble rank with a duty to fight for his king.

Across:



  1. Sheriff – the chief executive officer of the Crown in a country.

  2. Deer – a hoofed animal, the male of which usually has antlers.

  3. Bow – a weapon for shooting arrows, made of curved wood joined at both ends by a taut string.

  4. Arrow – a stick with a sharp pointed head, that is shot from a bow.

  5. Nottingham – the city, where there is a monument to Robin Hood.

  6. Ballad – a poem or song, telling a popular story.

  7. Robin – a small songbird of the thrush family, with a red breast and brown back and wings.

  8. John – a popular English name.

  9. Little – Not large.



Robin Hood Trivia Quiz



Please take our quiz. Good luck!

1. Who was Robin Hood's companion?

a. Maid Nan

b. Maid Marion

c. Maid Patsy

2. Who was Robin Hood's right-hand man?

a. Friar Tuck

b. Allan Adale

c. Little John

3. Why did Robin Hood fight Friar Tuck?

a. He killed Robin Hood.

b. He dropped him in the river.

c. He stole Maid Marion.

4. How did Robin Hood meet Little John?

a. He met him on a bus.

b. He met him in Brazil.

c. He met him on a bridge.

5. After Maid Marion was saved by Robin Hood, what place did she say she was from?

a. Sherwood Forest

b. Brazil

c. Italy

6. What was Robin Hood's real name?

a. Robin of Locksley

b. Robin Hode

c. Robin Hood
7. Did Allan Adale play music?

a. Yes

b. No

c. I don't know

8. How did Robin Hood get Maid Marion?

a. He saved her from an alligator.

b. He saved her from a dinosaur.

c. He saved her from the King's castle.

9. Did Robin Hood wear armor?

a. Yes.

b. No.

c. I don't know.

10. What were Robin Hood's weapons?

a. a lance.

b. a bow and arrow.

c. a sword.

11. Where did Robin Hood live?

1: Nottingham Forest

2: Notts County

3: Sherwood Forest


12. Robin Hood, Little John, and Friar Tuck lived in Sherwood Forest near where?

a. Nottingham


b. London
c. Normandy
d. Dover
13.What were Robin Hood's followers called?

1: the Hoodlums

2: the Merry Men

3: the Robbers



Congratulations! You are moving on to the next question. Please click here.

CONGRATULATIONS!!!!!! You have sucсessfully completed this quiz.


Just for fun





  1. Where did Robin Hood live?

  2. Where did Robin and Marian get married?

  3. Where is Robin buried?

  4. What is "T" for in the A to Z of Nottingham?

  5. What is the name of the famous oak tree in Sherwood Forest?



How well did you do? Here are the answers

1. Robin Hood lived in Sherwood Forest with the rest of the merrie men and women. His best friend was Little John and he married Maid Marian. Robin had to hide in the forest because he was an outlaw. The evil Sheriff of Nottingham wanted to catch him and his men and stop Robin stealing from the rich to give to the poor. Robin was also in trouble because he ate the Kings deer.

2. Robin and Marian were married in St. Mary's church in a place called Edwinstowe which is very close to the heart of Sherwood forest and the Major Oak tree. If you take a trip to Sherwood Forest you can still visit the church to this day.

3. Robin is buried at a place called Kirklees Priory which is near Huddersfield in Yorkshire. In the legend, Robin went to the Priory to visit his cousin who betrayed him and ended his life. Whilst he was dying in the Priory, Robin shot his last arrow and was buried where the arrow fell in the Priory grounds.

4. T is for the Old Trip to Jerusalem perhaps the oldest pub in the world allegedly dating back to the year 1189. It is undoubtedly unique as it extends back into a cave cut into the sandstone at the base of Castle Rock. Who knows whether Robin and his outlaw band may have one day sat in this pub plotting their next move against the evil prince John and his henchmen

5. This is of course the Major Oak which still stands in Sherwood Forest. The Major Oak is said to be over 900 years old. According to the stories, Robin hid inside the trunk of the tree to hide from the Sheriff's men.

The Legend of Sherwood Forest



Robin Hood Myth or Legend

http://www.cadana.com/

All about Robin Hood


A Beginner’s Guide to Robin Hood http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Acropolis/4198/rh/robnew.html

Basic knowledge about ‘the merry men’


More than a Myth
http://gouk.about.com/gi/dynamic/offsite.htm?site=http://www.nottinghamshiretourism.co.uk/themes/robinhood/index.htm

Find out more about the legend and its Nottinghamshire background.



Nottingham Citylife


http://www.bbc.co.uk/nottingham/citylife/citytour.shtml

Nottingham of today



Activities


1 Heroes and villains: Pick one hero and one villain from the Robin Hood legends and present them in groups.

2 Was Robin Hood a real person? Find out!

3 Make a summary in your own words of one of the Robin Hood ballads you find on these websites.

4 One of your friends is going to Nottingham on holiday. She has asked you to make a list of what she ought to see there. Write the list.
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