Referat Mövzusu: Historical days Təhsilin səviyyəsi: Bakalavriat

Moslem Festival of sacrifice. Eid al-Adha, a religious ceremony, is celebrated every year throughout the Muslim world. Sacrifice existed long before Islam. Sacrifice, a religious ritual, originated after a story about the Prophet Abraham. He sees in a dream that God commands Abraham to sacrifice his son Ishmael to prove his faith in him. Abraham, a true believer, was ready to obey God's command, and Ishmael was ready to sacrifice. Every year in the Muslim world, it begins on the 10th day of the month of Dhul-Hijjah in the Hijri calendar and usually lasts for two days. Sheep, rams, cows, calves or camels are slaughtered during the ceremonies. Part of the sacrifice is sent to the clergy, and part is distributed to the poor. Everyone is given an equal share, and the victim can receive an equal share. Traditionally, beggars and the poor are invited to ceremonies today so that they do not go hungry on the holiday.

Ramadan holiday. Eid al-Fitr (Eid al-Fitr) - the first day of the month of Shawwal. Ramadan is celebrated at the end of the month on the occasion of the end of the fast. Fasting in the month of Ramadan is the second year of the Hegira for Muslims (622). Fasting ends with Eid al-Fitr. On that day, all rich and wealthy Muslims are obliged to help poor Muslims. The month of Ramadan teaches people the principles of loving God, gives them the opportunity to test their willpower and endurance, directs them to be open-minded, honest, and is expressed by fasting. Since 1993, Lent has been celebrated at the state level. Ramadan is celebrated for 2 days.

January 20 - National Day of Mourning. The struggle of the Azerbaijani people for Karabakh has become widespread. In 1989, an important event took place in the liberation movement of the Azerbaijani people. The Popular Front of Azerbaijan was established to unite the people in the struggle for freedom. The leaders of the Soviet Empire wanted to prevent the collapse of the USSR and intimidate our people who demanded their freedom. Therefore, it was decided to turn Baku, the strongest center of the liberation movement in the whole country, into a lake of blood. But the people were not afraid. They flocked to the squares and streets at the entrance to the city. The freedom fighters wanted to defend their hometown. It was January 19th, 1990. In the evening, television broadcasts were suddenly cut off. Because the Soviet army, which started the massacre against the Azerbaijani people, first blew up the power block of television. Late in the evening, gunfire was heard in the city. Light bullets covered the sky of Baku. Unarmed people - old and young, brides and children - were shot. In one day, 137 people were killed, about 700 were injured and more than 800 were illegally arrested in Baku. January 22 was the day of the martyrs' funeral. Three days of mourning were declared in our country. The martyrs of January 20 were buried where the victims of the March 1918 genocide slept. This place is now called the Alley of Martyrs. According to the legislation of Azerbaijan, January 20, declared the National Day of Mourning, is a non-working day.

March 31 is the day of genocide of Azerbaijanis. March genocide or March events - between March 30 and April 3, 1918 in Baku and various regions of Baku province, as well as in Shamakhi, Guba, Khachmaz, Lankaran, Hajigabul, Salyan, Zangazur, Karabakh, Nakhchivan and other areas Baku Soviet and the massacre of Azerbaijanis by Dashnak Armenian armed groups. According to official sources, as a result of the genocide, about 50,000 Azerbaijanis were killed and tens of thousands went missing. Since 1998, March 31 has been marked as the Day of Genocide of Azerbaijanis at the state level in the Republic of Azerbaijan. This genocide is a manifestation of the national memory of the tragic events in the history of the Azerbaijani people and statehood.

February 26 - Khojaly genocide and national day of mourning. It is a genocide committed against ethnic Azerbaijanis during the occupation of Khojaly on the night of February 25-26, 1992 by the Armenian armed forces with the participation of the 366th Motorized Rifle Regiment of Russia. This tragedy is one of the most horrific events that took place during the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict. During this genocide, the Azerbaijani people lost hundreds of lives. On the night of February 25-26, 1992, the Armenian armed forces with the help of armored vehicles and military personnel of the 366th Motorized Rifle Regiment stationed in Khankendi (Stepanakert) occupied the city of Khojaly from the Soviet era. Prior to the attack, on the evening of February 25, the city came under heavy artillery and artillery fire. As a result, Khojaly was completely engulfed in flames on February 26 at around 5 am. About 2,500 Khojaly residents left in the besieged city, hoping to reach the center of the Aghdam region. But out of 2,500 Khojaly residents who left the city in one day, 613 were killed by enemy bullets. As a result of this genocide, 613 Khojaly residents, including 63 children, 106 women and 70 elderly people, were killed, 8 families were completely destroyed, 25 children lost both parents and 130 children lost one of their parents. Of the 487 people wounded by enemy bullets, 76 were children. 1275 Khojaly captives, 150 Khojaly people went missing.

Khojaly was one of the most important cities of Nagorno-Karabakh. It had great military significance. The only airport in Karabakh was located here. Khojaly was also one of the oldest settlements and cultural centers of our people. The Khojaly incident is the gravest and unprecedented crime committed not only in Azerbaijan, but also against its people.