Pre-Confederation



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Pre-Confederation

  • Pre-Confederation

  • Post-Confederation to 1914

  • The Interwar Period

  • Post World War II to 1974

  • Creation of the Settlement Program

  • Settlement Renewal and Devolution

  • Funding Issues

  • Modern Settlement Programming



I can scarcely imagine any obligation which it is more incumbent on Government to fulfill, than that of … securing to … persons disposed to emigrate every possible facility and assistance, from the moment of their intending to leave … to that of their comfortable establishment…

  • I can scarcely imagine any obligation which it is more incumbent on Government to fulfill, than that of … securing to … persons disposed to emigrate every possible facility and assistance, from the moment of their intending to leave … to that of their comfortable establishment…

      •  Lord Durham, 1839


Early Legislation

  • Early Legislation

      • Protect the emigrant, protect yourself
    • Quarantine Acts
      • NS – 1761; Lower Canada - 1795
    • Legislation for a landing fee – 1832
      • All provinces raised money for the sick and destitute
  • Emigrant Aid Societies

  • 1858 Province of Canada Legislation

      • First legislation to specifically concerned with immigrants own welfare




Sorting Out Jurisdictions

  • Sorting Out Jurisdictions

    • Dominion-Provincial Conference 1868
      • Dominion takes control of quarantine stations
      • Dominion undertakes to prepare national legislation: immigrants not emigrants
  • Looking After Immigrants

      • Port of Entry Facilities
      • Immigration Halls
      • Dominion Lands Act
      • Grants to many immigrant aid organizations






The 1920s

  • The 1920s

    • Emphasis on Colonization
      • Homesteading continues
    • Railways Agreements
      • “After Care”
    • Empire Settlement Agreement
    • Immigration Halls
  • Depression and War

      • Immigration comes to a halt
      • Many immigration halls used for unemployed and then as army barracks during WW II




Settlement Service established 1949

  • Settlement Service established 1949

    • focused on employment and matching immigrants overseas to jobs in Canada
  • Citizenship Branch

    • funds language training and joint co-ordinating committees in many cities
  • 1966: Manpower & Immigration

      • Settlement Service disbanded and programs transferred to Manpower division & Secretary of State
      • Language training only for workers


1974 – Cabinet realises mistake of 1966 and creates “Settlement Program”

    • 1974 – Cabinet realises mistake of 1966 and creates “Settlement Program”
      • M&I assumes funding for settlement NGOs.
      • 1974 - ISAP program $810,000
    • Indochinese Refugee Movement:
      • Inspires government to rethink settlement
      • Vastly increased need for NGOs and funding
      • 1984 - HOST program
    • 1986 - Settlement Language Training Program (SLTP)
      • for adults not destined to labour market


1992 – Settlement “comes home”

  • 1992 – Settlement “comes home”

        • Settlement moved to Immigration Division
        • Occupational language merged with SLTP to create LINC
  • 1991-1999 – Some provinces assume responsibility for settlement

        • 1991 Quebec
        • 1999 BC and Manitoba
  • New Programming



2004-07 New Programming

  • 2004-07 New Programming

        • Canadian Orientation Abroad - 1998
        • Enhanced Language Training – 2004
        • Anti-Racism - 2005
        • Foreign Credential Referral Office- 2007
        • Canadian Immigrant Integration Program - 2007
  • 2005-08 – Vastly increased funding

  • 2008 – New Terms and Conditions

        • unified Settlement program


Settlement Services

  • Settlement Services

  • Integration is a two-way street

      • The best settlement program will fail in the absence of a welcoming community.
      • This is a lesson that Canada has learned, and then forgotten, only to rediscover again, several times through its history.
  • Settlement and integration are ‘whole of government’ activities

  • NGOs are essential to program delivery





Cover: Old Immigration Hall, Edmonton, Library and Archives of Canada (LAC) – C042729

  • Cover: Old Immigration Hall, Edmonton, Library and Archives of Canada (LAC) – C042729

  • Slide 5: Grosse Isle 2nd Class Hospital c1905 – LAC - c079029

  • Slide 7: Immigration Sheds at Port of Quebec– LAC – a021357

  • Slide 8: Winnipeg Immigration Hall c1890 – LAC – c2334

  • Slide 10: Immigration Hall No. 1 Winnipeg, (Dominion Immigration Hall), Archives of Manitoba - N21668

  • Slide 16: Edmonton Immigration Hall 1931-1971, Frank Dumont – CIC Edmonton



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