Phonetics (Greek: phonetikos relating to sound, sounding; sonorous, voiced) 1) methods of formation and acoustic properties of speech sounds in linguistics; syllable, a part of speech that is separated by a pause

Logopedia
Logopedia (logos and Greek paideia - education, training) - ped. science network; learns the causes of speech defects (stuttering, language underdevelopment, reading and writing defects, etc.), ways of their prevention and correction, as well as the mechanisms and symptoms of speech disorders with the help of special education and training. In the 17th century, the issues of correcting speech defects were first applied in scientific works on deaf pedagogy in European countries. From the second half of the 19th century, this field was approached independently, but from the point of view of medicine. Gradually, the scientific perception of the nature of speech activity expanded, the direction of speech therapy changed radically, pedagogical content became the first priority.
By the 20th century, speech therapy was formed as an independent science, its goals and objectives, methodical basis and principles, issues of connection with other sciences were developed. Modern speech therapy is divided into speech therapy for preschool children, speech therapy for school-aged children, speech therapy for teenagers and adults.
The main goal of speech therapy is to develop a scientifically based system of training, education and re-education of persons with speech defects, as well as prevention of speech defects.
Logopedics as a science has great theoretical and practical importance, and it is determined by the integral connection of the language, the social essence of speech, the child's pronunciation, lexical-grammatical system, thinking and all mental activity.
The main tasks of speech therapy; to study the ontogenesis of speech activity in various forms of speech disorders, to determine the prevalence of speech disorders, their causes, mechanisms, structure, symptoms and levels; to determine the dynamics of self-directed and purposeful development of children with impaired speech function, as well as the impact of speech impairment on their personal growth, mental development, manifestation of various activities, and behavior; to study the characteristics of speech formation and disorders in children with various differences in development (in cases of hearing, vision, thinking ability and musculoskeletal disorders); development of methods of pedagogical diagnosis of speech disorders; regulation of speech disorders; development of principles, differentiated methods and means of speech disorder elimination; improvement of speech disorder prevention methods; development of issues of organization of speech therapy assistance. Its theoretical and practical directions are defined in the above tasks of speech therapy.
The theoretical direction of speech therapy is to study speech disorders, to identify their causes, to develop scientifically based methods of prevention and correction, and the practical direction is to apply these methods as soon as possible and eliminate these defects and their causes. Theoretical and practical tasks of speech therapy are closely related to each other.
According to speech therapists, the occurrence, nature, and impact of speech defects on the human psyche are different (see Alalia, Aphasia, Stuttering, Dysarthria). They make the process of knowing, dealing with people around them difficult. This is reflected in the child's activity and behavior. Severe speech disorders affect the mental development of a person, especially the levels of higher cognitive activity, the formation of a person, and cause negative features in his character, such as shyness, indecisiveness, inhumanity, and a sense of imperfection. The importance of speech therapy is to eliminate defects in the child's speech and ensure its comprehensive development.
In the study and correction of speech disorders, speech therapy relies on theoretical rules about the interdependence of speech and thought, the interaction of general and special laws in child development, the theory of the driving forces of the harmonious development of speech and activity, and the achievement of mental maturity. Speech therapy uses knowledge of general anatomy and physiology, speech mechanisms, speech process in the brain, structure and action of analyzers involved in speech activity.
To find out the symptoms of speech defects, their etiology, mechanisms, the relationship between speech symptoms and non-speech symptoms in speech disorders, Logopedia works in cooperation with other disciplines. In particular, it works closely with linguistics, otorhinolaryngology, psycholinguistics, general and special psychology, psychodiagnostics, neuropathology, psychopathology, oligophrenia clinic, pediatrics. For example, the pathology of speech and hearing organs allows not only to determine the etiology of speech disorders, but also to carry out speech therapy work with medical intervention. Speech therapy assistance is provided in auxiliary schools, children's polyclinics, kindergartens and other institutions in Uzbekistan. In addition, there are special kindergartens and special schools for speech-impaired children.