Microsoft Word RadPluton fs med eng 0410. doc



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#29686


           

 

24/7 Emergency Contact Number:  1-888-295-5156 

Revised: 04/2010 

Page 1 of 1 



 

RADIATION FROM PLUTONIUM (Pu) 

(*Treatment also applies to yttrium, americium, curium and californium)

 

 

Agent Information:



 

Plutonium radioisotopes are a class of highly toxic and unstable 

chemicals whose radioactivity is measured by the number of atoms 

disintegrating per unit time. Plutonium radioisotopes emit radiation as 

high-energy alpha particles, medium-energy gamma rays, x-rays and 

beta particles. This ionizing radiation disrupts molecules in cells and 

deposits energy in tissues, causing damage. Plutonium is used in 

nuclear power and weapons reactors, and in some nuclear weapons. 



 

Signs and Symptoms:

 

Exposure to ionizing radiation from Plutonium causes immediate or 

delayed health effects. Observable effects occurring soon after receiving 

very large doses include hair loss, skin burns, nausea, gastrointestinal 

distress or death (Acute Radiation Syndrome). Long-term risks, including 

increased cancer risk, are a function of the specific radioisotopes 

involved; and depend on the route, magnitude and duration of exposure.  

 

 



Route of Exposure:

 

Inhalation and ingestion are the most likely routes for internal 

contamination from plutonium radioisotopes. Internal exposure continues 

until the radioactive material is flushed from the body by natural 

processes, or decays. Inhaled or ingested radionuclides are distributed 

to different organs and remain there for days, months, or years until they 

decay or are excreted. Once internalized, plutonium radioisotopes can 

most significantly affect lung, bone and liver, as target organs.  

 

 

Protective Measures:



 

Emergency medical care to save lives is the first priority. Effective patient 

decontamination is important to limit the spread of radioactive materials 

in the hospital, and to prevent exposure to other patients and staff. 

Achieve dose reduction by limiting the time people are exposed, avoiding 

direct contact, maintaining distance from the source, and using shielding 

or respiratory protection to prevent ingesting or inhaling contamination. 

Since deceased victims from a radiological event involving release of 

airborne Plutonium radioisotopes could be contaminated both internally 

and externally, they should be handled using reverse isolation.

 

 

Lab Samples Requested 

 

CBC with absolute lymphocyte count. Repeat measurements for at least  



for Evaluation:

 

  

 

48 hours. 

 

Prophylaxis:

 

Appropriate PPE to avoid secondary contamination.



 

 

Treatment:

 

Supportive care and decontamination are indicated. Treatment to reduce 

internal dose is indicated for known uptake of Plutonium, Yttrium and 

other tranuranic radioisotopes such as americium, californium and 

curium. Treatment is to administer Zinc-DTPA or Calcium-DTPA 

(diethylenetriaminepentaacetate) to induce chelation, increase 

elimination, and reduce radioisotope body burden. Expert guidance on 

medical treatment is available from REAC/TS at:  

1-865-576-1005 (24/7 coverage). 

 

Reporting:

 

Immediately report suspect cases to the Division of Public Health, 

Epidemiology Branch: 1-888-295-5156 (24/7 coverage).

 

 



Contact Information:

 

Call Delaware’s Division of Public Health: 1-888-295-5156. For more 

information on forms of acute radiation syndrome, go to: 

http://www.bt.cdc.gov/radiation/arsphysicianfactsheet.asp



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