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Vocabulary - Winter Olympic Games

This is an illustrated list of vocabulary related to Winter Olympic Games

Alpine skiing	Biathlon	Bobsleigh
Cross Country	Curling	Figure Skating
Freestyle skiing	Ice Hockey	Luge
Nordic Combined	Short Track	Skeleton
Ski Jumping	Snowboard	Speed Skating

Text 1. Read the text and answer the questions below.
A sports event unlike any other

The Olympic Games are unique. Athletes from the entire world take part.

Their achievements are watched from both near and far by hundreds

of millions of spectators.

The five rings on the Olympic flag represent the international nature of the Games.

.

What makes the Olympic Games different from other sports events?

The Games are held every four years. They are the largest sporting celebration

in the number of sports on the programme, the number of athletes present

and the number of people from different nations gathered together at the same

time in the same place.

The Games are held at intervals, but are part of a broader framework which

is that of the Olympic Movement. The purpose of the Olympic Movement

is to promote the practice of sport all over the world. It is in this spirit that the Olympic Games are held and celebrated.

The Summer Games and the Winter Games

The Olympic Games include the Games of the Olympiad (i.e. the Summer

Games) and the Olympic Winter Games. The first edition of the modern

Summer Games was held in 1896 in Athens (Greece), and the first Olympic

Winter Games in 1924 in Chamonix (France).

The word Olympiad designates the four-year period that separates each

edition of the Summer Games.

Until 1992, the Summer and Winter Games were held in the same year,

but since then, the Winter Games were moved two years from the Summer

Games. The Summer and Winter Games continue to be organized once

every four years.

In the Summer Games, athletes compete in a wide variety of competitions

on the track, on the road, on grass, in the water, on the water, in the open

air and indoors, in a total of 28 sports.

The Winter Games feature 7 sports practised on snow and ice, both indoors

and outdoors.

The Modern Olympic Games

The London 2012 Olympic Games were broadcast all over the world, via the

traditional media as well as online and mobile platforms.

They reached a record audience estimated at 4.8 billion people.

It was Pierre de Coubertin of France who dreamt up this ambitious project,

although others before him had tried in vain to revive these Games. Drawing

inspiration from the ancient Olympic Games, he decided to create the modern

Olympic Games. With this purpose, he founded the International Olympic

Committee (IOC) in 1894 in Paris. The new committee set itself the objective

of organising the first Olympic Games of modern times.

The date of the first Games, 1896, marked the beginning of an extraordinary

adventure that has now lasted for over a century

1. 
   What represents the International nature of the Olympic Games?
   
2. 
   How often are the Olympic Games held?
   
3. 
   What is the purpose of the Olympic movement?
   
4. 
   Do the Summer and Winter Olympic Games take place in the same year?
   
5. 
   How many events are there in the Summer Olympiad?
   
6. 
   How many competitions are there in the Winter Olympic Games?
   
7. 
   Who founded the IOC?
   

Text 2. Read the text and answer the questions below.

The Paralympic Games is a major international multi-sport event, involving athletes with a range of physical disabilities, including impaired muscle power e.g. paraplegia and quadriplegia, muscular dystrophy, Post-polio syndrome, spina bifida), impaired passive range of movement, limb deficiency (e.g. amputation or dysmelia), leg length difference, short stature, hypertonia, ataxia, athetosis, vision pairment and intellectual impairment.

There are Winter and Summer Paralympic Games, which since the 1988 Summer Games in Seoul, South Korea, are held almost immediately following the respective Olympic Games. All Paralympic Games are governed by the International Paralympic Committee (IPC).

The Paralympics have grown from a small gathering of British World War II veterans in 1948 to become one of the largest international sporting events by the early 21st century. Paralympians strive for equal treatment with non-disabled Olympic athletes, but there is a large funding gap between Olympic and Paralympic athletes.

The Paralympic Games are organized in parallel with the Olympic Games, while the IOC-recognized Special Olympics World Games include athletes with intellectual disabilities, and the Deaflympics include deaf athletes.

 These categories are further broken down into classifications, which vary from sport to sport.

1. 
   Who takes part in the Paralympic Games?
   
2. 
   When are the Paralympics held?
   
3. 
   When did the Paralympics begin?
   

Glossary:

physical disabilities /ˈfɪzɪkəl ˌdɪsəˈbɪlɪtiz / фізичні недоліки

paraplegia /ˌpærəˈpliːʤə / параліч кінцівок

quadriplegia - параліч чотирьох кінцівок

muscular dystrophy /ˈmʌskjʊlə ˈdɪstrəfi /

Post-polio syndrome / pəʊst ˈpəʊlɪəʊ ˈsɪndrəʊm  / пост-поліо синдром

spina bifida спіна біфіда (хвороба хребта)

amputation ˌ /æmpjʊˈteɪʃ(ə)n/ ампутація

dysmelia - дісмелія

 short stature /ʃɔːt ˈstæʧə / низький зріст

ataxia - порушення координації руху

athetosis- невимушений безперервний рух кінцівок

vision pairment ˈ/vɪʒən ˈpeəmənt / недоліки зору

intellectual impairmen /ˌɪntɪˈlɛktjʊəl/ інтелектуаліні вади