Great Britain, British Jews, and the international protection of Romanian Jews, 1900-1914: a study of Jewish diplomacy and minority rights
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| J Y V Ä S K Y L Ä S T U D I E S I N H U M A N I T I E S JYVÄSKYLÄN YLIOPISTO Great Britain, British Jews, and the International Protection of Romanian Jews, 1900–1914 Satu Matikainen A Study of Jewish Diplomacy and Minority Rights 56 JYVÄSKYLÄ STUDIES IN HUMANITIES 56 Satu Matikainen UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ 2006 Esitetään Jyväskylän yliopiston humanistisen tiedekunnan suostumuksella julkisesti tarkastettavaksi Historica-rakennuksen salissa 320 elokuun 18. päivänä 2006 kello 12. Academic dissertation to be publicly discussed, by permission of the Faculty of Humanities of the University of Jyväskylä, in the building Historica, Auditorium 320, on August 18, 2006 at 12 o'clock noon. JYVÄSKYLÄ and the International Protection of Romanian Jews, 1900-1914 Great Britain, British Jews, A Study of Jewish Diplomacy and Minority Rights Great Britain, British Jews, A Study of Jewish Diplomacy and Minority Rights and the International Protection of Romanian Jews, 1900-1914 JYVÄSKYLÄ STUDIES IN HUMANITIES 56 JYVÄSKYLÄ 2006 Great Britain, British Jews, A Study of Jewish Diplomacy and Minority Rights UNIVERSITY OF JYVÄSKYLÄ Satu Matikainen and the International Protection of Romanian Jews, 1900-1914 Copyright © , by University of Jyväskylä URN:ISBN:9513925676 ISBN 951-39-2567-6 (PDF) ISBN 951-39-2506-4 (nid.) ISSN 1459-4331 2006 Jyväskylä University Printing House, Jyväskylä 2006 Jyväskylä Studies in Humanities Editorial Board Petri Karonen, Department of History and Ethnology, University of Jyväskylä Editor in Chief Heikki Hanka, Department of Art and Culture Studies, University of Jyväskylä Matti Rahkonen, Department of Languages, University of Jyväskylä Petri Toiviainen, Department of Music, University of Jyväskylä Minna-Riitta Luukka, Centre for Applied Language Studies, University of Jyväskylä Raimo Salokangas, Department of Communication, University of Jyväskylä Editors Seppo Zetterberg Department of History and Ethnology, University of Jyväskylä Pekka Olsbo, Marja-Leena Tynkkynen Publishing Unit, University Library of Jyväskylä ABSTRACT Matikainen, Satu Great Britain, British Jews, and the international protection of Romanian Jews, 1900-1914: A study of Jewish diplomacy and minority rights Jyväskylä: University of Jyväskylä, 2006, 23 4 p. (Jyväskylä Studies on Humanities ISSN 1459-4323; 56) ISBN 951-39- 2567-6 Finnish summary Diss. The thesis discusses the Romanian Jewish problem in the early twentieth century from the perspective of Jewish diplomacy and minority rights. The number of Jews in Romania was approximately 270,000, or 4.5 per cent of the total population. The Romanian Jews were one of the first minority groups to be protected by means of international conventions. The Treaty of Berlin (1878) provided for equal rights to persons of all religious confessions in Romania. However, Jews were not granted Romanian citizenship, and their lives were regulated by a system of anti-Jewish legislation. In this situation, emancipated Jewish elites in Western Europe, including Britain, strove to help their coreligionists in Romania. British Jews, through their foreign policy organisation, the Conjoint Foreign Committee, tried to persuade the British Foreign Office to intervene on behalf of Romanian Jews. The British government agreed, in principle, that Romanian Jewish policy should be modified. It was reluctant to act, however, arguing that any intervention in Romanian affairs could only happen in concert with the other Great Powers. The attitudes of the British government towards Romanian Jews were shaped in part by interpretations on international minority protection. They were also influenced by political considerations such as Great Power rivalry and domestic problems relating to Jewish immigration. As to Anglo-Jewish views, practical considerations such as immigration also played a role, but policy was mainly shaped by perceptions of the struggle for Jewish emancipation and the role of privileged Jewries as defenders of their less fortunate coreligionists. Anglo-Jewish diplomacy did not result in any visible improvement in the situation of Romanian Jews before 1914. The legal emancipation of Romanian Jews only came to pass after the First World War. However, Jewish diplomacy was important on numerous occasions in promoting the subject of minority rights. The activities of the Anglo-Jewry on behalf of Romanian Jews were a significant phase in the history of minority protection. Keywords: Romania, Great Britain, Jews, diplomacy, ethnic minorities, international relations, anti-Semitism, Author’s address Satu Matikainen Department of History and Ethnology P.O. Box 35 (H) FIN-40014 University of Jyväskylä FINLAND Supervisor Professor Seppo Zetterberg Department of History and Ethnology P.O. Box 35 (H) FIN-40014 University of Jyväskylä FINLAND Reviewers Docent Eero Kuparinen Department of History FIN-20014 University of Turku FINLAND Docent Markku Ruotsila Kadetintie 12 A FIN-00330 Helsinki FINLAND Opponent Docent Eero Kuparinen Department of History FIN-20014 University of Turku FINLAND Yüklə 1,4 Mb. Dostları ilə paylaş:
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