Formalized reproduction of an expert-based phytosociological classification



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- Formalized reproduction of an expert-based phytosociological classification -

605


Results

Using the Cocktail method, we defined several spe-

cies groups, of which 12 were used in the formal defini-

tions of associations (Table 1). Some of these groups

have a rather narrow ecological range and they more or

less correspond to the groups of diagnostic species for

associations or alliances within the class Mulgedio-

Aconitetea  (e.g.  Aconitum plicatum Group,  Betula

carpatica  Group,  Bupleurum vapincense Group, and

Laserpitium archangelica Group). Some other groups

have a wide ecological range, with an optimum beyond

the subalpine tall-forb vegetation, e.g. the Mercurialis

perennis  Group in beech forests and the Trientalis

europaea  Group in spruce forests. 

Φ  values for the

species of the groups in Table 1 are proportional to the

group quality, higher values indicating that the species

of the group have a stronger co-occurrence tendency.

Of 16 associations of the expert-based classifica-

tion (Kočí 2001; App. 1), 14 were reproduced by the

Cocktail definitions (Table 2). In contrast with the

original classification, association 3, Sileno-Calama-

grostietum  was merged with association 2, Crepido-

Calamagrostietum, because the former was a species-

poor variant of the latter. Association 9, Piceo-Salicetum

was abandoned since it was a rare community known

only from two sites and mainly defined by its structure

rather than by floristic composition.

When the Cocktail definitions of associations were

applied to the original data set of 718 relevés used by

Kočí (2001), 376 relevés were assigned to the associa-

tions. Of these 376 relevés, 15 were simultaneously

assigned to two associations; these relevés were subse-

quently assigned to one of the two suggested associa-

tions by similarity calculations. Assignments by the

Cocktail definitions were in good agreement with the

original expert-based classification (Table 3), except

for the associations with few or poor diagnostic species

(4,  Bistorto-Deschampsietum,  5,  Violo-Deschamps-



ietum, and 12, Trollio-Geranietum). Some relevés origi-

nally classified to association 8, Pado-Sorbetum were

assigned to the structurally and floristically similar

association 7, Salici-Betuletum by the Cocktail defini-

tions.

This good agreement was even improved, particu-



larly for associations 4 and 5, after similarity-based

assignment of the so far unclassified relevés to the

constancy columns consisting of the relevés that had

been assigned by the Cocktail definitions (Table 4).

Cocktail definition of the combined association 2-3

mainly captured the relevés of association 2, Crepido-



Calamagrostietum, which had been defined in the ex-

pert-based classification by the presence of several spe-

cialist species. Relevés of the expert-based association

3, Sileno-Calamagrostietum, which had a similar floristic

composition as association 2 but lacked the specialist

species,  were satisfactorily assigned to the combined

association 2-3 only by similarity calculations.

Table 1. Species groups used for the Cocktail classification of subalpine tall-forb vegetation of the Czech Republic. Species of each

group are ranked by decreasing fidelity to the group, calculated as the

 

phi coefficient in a data set of 21 794 relevés of all vegetation



types of the Czech Republic. The range of 

Φ values (multiplied by 100) between the first and the last species is given, higher values

indicating more distinct groups. The number of relevés in which the group occurs is the number of relevés containing at least half of

the group’s species.



Species group

Φ

Φ



Φ

Φ

Φ ×



×

×

×



× 100

No. of relevés

Species (ranked by decreasing 

Φ value)


Aconitum plicatum

64 - 38


47

Aconitum plicatum, Viola biflora, Epilobium alpestre, Carduus personata

Betula carpatica

70 - 36


14

Salix silesiaca, Ribes petraeum, Betula carpatica, Prunus padus ssp. borealis

Bupleurum vapincense

67 - 43


5

Thymus pulcherrimus ssp. sudeticus, Pleurospermum austriacum, Bupleurum longifolium

ssp. vapincense, Thesium alpinum



Cardamine amara

55 - 34


300

Cardamine amara, Chrysosplenium alternifolium, Chaerophyllum hirsutum, Crepis paludosa,

Chrysosplenium oppositifolium

Geranium sylvaticum

65 - 35


215

Geranium sylvaticum, Cardaminopsis halleri, Phyteuma spicatum, Silene dioica, Crepis

mollis, Cirsium heterophyllum

Laserpitium

67 - 28


6

Laserpitium archangelica, Delphinium elatum, Campanula latifolia, Stachys alpina,

archangelica

Scrophularia scopolii, Aconitum lycoctonum ssp. lycoctonum

Ligusticum mutellina

63 - 57


25

Campanula barbata, Ligusticum mutellina, Viola lutea ssp. sudetica, Avenula planiculmis

Mercurialis perennis

78 - 71


1688

Mercurialis perennis, Galeobdolon luteum s. lat., Galium odoratum, Dryopteris filix-mas

Petasites albus

62 - 45


312

Petasites albus, Stellaria nemorum, Cicerbita alpina, Thalictrum aquilegiifolium

Trientalis europaea

71 - 60


410

Trientalis europaea, Homogyne alpina, Calamagrostis villosa

Vaccinium myrtillus

79 - 55


1739

Vaccinium myrtillus, Avenella flexuosa, Polytrichum formosum, Dicranum scoparium

Veratrum  lobelianum

57 - 32


108

Rumex arifolius, Adenostyles alliariae, Athyrium distentifolium, Veratrum album ssp.

lobelianum, Gentiana asclepiadea, Ranunculus platanifolius


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