geodynamics
.
Lithosphere
Pollution:
Lithosphere pollution or soil pollution refers to the
deterioration of the earth's landsurfaces, at and below
ground level.The cause is presence of man-made
chemicals, accumulation of solid and liquid
wastematerials or alteration in the soil natural
environment.Soil being a "universal sink" bears the
greatest burden of environmental pollution
Pollutants of
Lithosphere:
A soil pollutant is any factor which deteriorates the
quality, texture and mineral content ofthe soil or which
disturbs the biological balance of the organisms in the
soil
Littering
Oil and fuel seepage
Corrosion of underground storage tanks
Excess application of pesticides, herbicides, insecticides
Leaching of wastes from landfills
Direct discharge of agricultural and industrial waste to
soil
Tests of nuclear weapons
Inorganic toxic compounds
Sewage and sewage sludge
Heavy metals pollutants
Littering:
Improper disposing of garbage and waste is referred as
littering which make the landcontaminated or polluted.
As litter degrades, chemicals and microparticles are
released.These chemicals aren't natural to the
environment and can, therefore, cause a number
ofproblems. For example,
➤
cigarette butts can contain chemicals such as arsenic
and formaldehyde. Thesepoisons can make their way into
the soil and freshwater sources, impacting bothhumans
and animals. In fact, 60% of water pollution is attributed
to litter.
➤
Animals are innocent victims affected by litter every
day.
➤
Improperly discarded trash is a breeding ground for
bacteria and diseases. Litter canspread diseases, viruses,
and parasites through direct and indirect contact.
Oil and fuel
seepage:
In areas where oil and fuel development is prevalent, air,
water and soil resources canbecome contaminated with
oil and fuel wastes and byproducts.□Oil and fuel wastes,
which may contain petroleum hydrocarbons, heavy
metals, naturallyoccurring radioactive materials, salts
and toxic chemicals, have the potential to cause
soilpollution, and prevent the growth of vegetation.
These contaminants that enter the soil donot necessarily
stay put. They can move down through the soil and
contaminategroundwater, or up through the soil and be
released to air
Excess
application of
pesticides,
herbicides,
insecticides:
Increased doses of fertilizers, pesticides or
agricultural chemicals, over a period, add
heavymetals to soils which may contaminate them.•
Certain phosphatic fertilizers frequently contain trace
amounts of cadmium which mayaccumulate in these
soils. The organic matter of soil have great affinity to
heavy metalscations which form stable complexes
thereby leading to reduced nutrient content.•Since the
metals are not degradable, their accumulation in the
soil above their toxic levelsdue to excessive use of
phosphate fertilizers becomes an indestructible poison
for crops
Leaching of
wastes from
landfills:
Rubbish buried in landfill breaks down at a very slow
rate and remains a problem for futuregenerations. The
three main problems with landfill are toxins, leachate
and greenhousegases. There are some secondary side
effects as well: nauseous odors, unpleasant views, ratand
seagull infestations
Toxins
Many materials that end up as waste contain toxic
substances. Electronic waste is anexample.
Electronic appliances contain a long list of
hazardous substances, includingmercury, arsenic,
cadmium, PVC, solvents, acids and lead. Over
time, these toxins leach intoour soil and
groundwater, and become environmental hazards
for years.
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