Content Coordinator: Dr. J. Matthew Velkey



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Content Coordinator: Dr. J. Matthew Velkey

  • Content Coordinator: Dr. J. Matthew Velkey

  • Department of Cell and Developmental Biology

  • Additional Faculty (also in CDB):

  • Dr. Kent Christensen

  • Dr. Steve Ernst

  • Dr. Diane Fingar

  • Dr. Michael Hortsch

  • Dr. Sun-Kee Kim

  • Dr. Bill Tsai

  • Dr. Mike Welsh

  • Andrew Chervenak

  • Virtual Microscopy Support (Department of Pathology):

  • Dr. Lloyd Stoolman, Dr. Ron Craig, Kris Thompson

  • Computer Support (LRC staff):

  • Roger Burns, Jason Engling



To understand:

  • To understand:

    • How cells and tissues are arranged in the normal organ system of the body, and
    • How these cells and tissues are specialized to perform the function(s) most effectively.
  • The knowledge gained will hopefully provide a cellular and ultrastructural “framework” for all of the other topics (anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, etc.) that you’ll learn this year.

  • Histology is also, of course, a FUNDAMENTAL part of PATHOLOGY.









Stabilize cellular structures by chemical fixation.

  • Stabilize cellular structures by chemical fixation.

  • Dehydrate and infiltrate tissues with paraffin or plastic.

  • Embed fixed tissues in paraffin or plastic blocks.

  • Cut into thin slices of 3-10 micrometer thick; collect sections on slides.

  • Re-hydrate and stain with Hematoxylin (a basic dye): Stains basophilic structures (e.g. nucleic acids) blue/purple.

  • Counter-stain with Eosin (an acidic dye): Stains acidophilic or “eosinophilic” structures (e.g. proteins, membranes) red/pink.



1. ILLUMINATION SOURCE

  • 1. ILLUMINATION SOURCE

  • 2. CONDENSER LENS

  • 3. SPECIMEN STAGE

  • 4. OBJECTIVE LENS

  • 5. PROJECTION (OCULAR) LENS

  • 6. OBSERVER

  • YIELDS A 2-DIMENSIONAL IMAGE CAPABLE OF 0.2 m RESOLUTION.

  • CELLULAR FEATURES ARE STAINED DIFFERENTIALLY BASED PRIMARILY UPON CHEMICAL PROPERTIES.





Tissues are fixed with glutaraldehyde (cross-links proteins) and osmium tetraoxide (cross-links lipids); OsO4 is also an electron-dense “stain”

  • Tissues are fixed with glutaraldehyde (cross-links proteins) and osmium tetraoxide (cross-links lipids); OsO4 is also an electron-dense “stain”

  • Dehydrate and infiltrate tissues w/ plastic.

  • Embed and block fixed tissues in plastic.

  • Cut into ultra-thin slices (50 nanometers thick); collect sections on slides.

  • Stain sections with heavy metal salts (lead citrate and uranyl acetate) that bind nucleic acids & proteins.

  • Visualize in TEM; heavy metal “stains” block electrons to create contrast



1. ILLUMINATION SOURCE (generates electron beam)

  • 1. ILLUMINATION SOURCE (generates electron beam)

  • 2. CONDENSER LENS

  • 3. SPECIMEN STAGE

  • 4. OBJECTIVE LENS

  • 5. PROJECTION LENS

  • 6. FLUORESCENT VIEW SCREEN

  • 7. VIEWING WINDOW & OBSERVER

  • YIELDS A 2-DIMENSIONAL IMAGE CAPABLE OF 0.2 nm RESOLUTION.

  • CELLULAR FEATURES ARE STAINED WITH ELECTRON-DENSE, HEAVY METAL STAINS YIELDING ONLY A BLACK AND WHITE IMAGE









Glass microscope slides line-scanned using a computer-controlled microscope

  • Glass microscope slides line-scanned using a computer-controlled microscope

  • Line scans compiled into single “digital slide” that may be 200k x 200k pixels (that’s 40 GIGApixels!)

  • Digital slides stored as compressed files (~1.5 GB) and delivered via Web or file-server

  • Digital slides viewable as flash objects within web browser or in proprietary format (e.g. Aperio ImageScope)

  • Any region of interest on digital slide may be viewed at a range of magnifications with resolution up to 0.25μm/pixel















EPITHELIUM

  • EPITHELIUM

  • CONNECTIVE TISSUE

  • MUSCLE

  • NERVOUS TISSUE

  • (BLOOD)

  • Basic tissues combine to form larger functional units, called ORGANS.





Cells and tissues 5

    • Cells and tissues 5
    • Musculoskeletal 2
    • Cardiovascular/Respiratory 3
    • Renal 1
    • GI / Liver 4
    • Endocrine/Reproductive 3
    • Immunology 1
    • Central Nervous System 3


Lecture: ~50 minutes

  • Lecture: ~50 minutes

    • Lecture Handouts in coursepacks
    • Lecture PowerPoints on CTools (also linked from histo web site).
  • Laboratory: 3 hours

    • Laboratory Guide (hard copy or online) - learning objectives
    • Microscope and slides (“real” and virtual)
  • Lab Atlas and Text Book:

    • Young, et al.: Wheater’s Functional Histology, 5th ed. –HIGHLY recommended
    • Ross and Pawlina: Histology: A Text and Atlas, 5th ed. -recommended
  • Michigan Medical Histology CD –not issued this year (won’t work in Mac OS X)

  • Review and Lookalike Images (online)

  • Lab Orientation Presentations (online)

  • RESOURCES

  • Histo web site:

  • http://www.med.umich.edu/histology

  • CTools (aka “portal”):

  • https://ctools.umich.edu/portal



Usually a total of 8 questions per session divided between weekly quizzes and final exam. Questions will weigh equally.

  • Usually a total of 8 questions per session divided between weekly quizzes and final exam. Questions will weigh equally.

  • Weekly quizzes and final exams will all be administered online.

  • Multiple choice questions: some straight text, but MOSTLY image-based (LM, EM, or diagram), or virtual slides

  • Sample questions may be found in the online syllabus.



Locker key

  • Locker key

  • Microscope*

  • Two Boxes of M1 Histology Microscope Slides*

  • Network Cable

  • No MMH CD issued this year

  • Sign Loan Agreement Sheet –you acknowledge receipt of EACH item and you agree to return them at the end of the year!





Making sure your computers are set up to access and view virtual slides

  • Making sure your computers are set up to access and view virtual slides

  • Explanation of the different links to the virtual slides:

    • “Mac” (for Macs that cannot run Windows)
    • “WinLab” (for Windows machines when ON CAMPUS)
    • “WinHome” (for Windows machines OFF CAMPUS)
  • “Load testing” the servers (requires synchronized activity, so wait for instructions)

  • After load testing, work through tutorial to learn basic features of ImageScope (Windows) and WebViewer (non-Windows)

  • Sign and turn in Loan Agreement Forms acknowledging receipt of network cable (we’ll deal with microscopes and slides NEXT week)



It is the preferred method of viewing the slides

  • It is the preferred method of viewing the slides

  • Primary advantage is the ability to ANNOTATE slides (for self-study or to mark something about which you have a question)

  • Slides are opened into ONE ImageScope window so it’s easy to quickly go from one slide to another and/or compare slides side-by-side

  • Can adjust image brightness, contrast, and color levels

  • 1-click TIFF or JPEG image capture



Digital Slide Creation and Management:

  • Digital Slide Creation and Management:

  • Ronald A. Craig, Ph.D., Digital Microscopy Lab Manager, Pathology

  • Kristopher L. Thompson, Pathology Informatics

  • Melissa (Colter) Bombrey, Medical School Class 2008

  • Matthew Velkey, Ph.D., Clinical Lecturer, Cell and Developmental Biology

  • Sun-Kee Kim, Ph.D., Professor, Cell and Developmental Biology

  • Server, network and workstation development/support:

  • Roger Burns, Technical Coordinator, Learning Resource Center

  • Chris Chapman, Assistant Media Manager, Learning Resource Center

  • Monica Webster, System Administrator, Medical School Information Systems

  • Wayne Wilson, Associate Director, Medical School Information Systems

  • Sue Boucher, Technology Help Desk Manager, Medical School Information Systems

  • Kristopher L. Thompson, Pathology Informatics (UM Class 2007)

  • Jason Engling, Learning Resource Center

  • Matt Undy, Classroom services

  • Thomas Peterson, Systems Analysis and Programming Manager, Pathology Informatics

  • Douglas Gibbs, PhD, Network Engineer, Pathology Informatics

  • Mary Bernier, Programmer Analyst Supervisor, Medical School Information Systems





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