Section 5: The Struggle for a Normal Working Day. Compulsory Laws for the Extension of
the Working Day from the Middle of the 14th to the End of the 17th Century ................. 178
Section 6: The Struggle for a Normal Working Day. Compulsory Limitation by Law of the
Working-Time. English Factory Acts, 1833 ...................................................................... 184
Section 7: The Struggle for a Normal Working Day. Reaction of the English Factory Acts
on Other Countries .............................................................................................................. 194
Chapter 11: Rate and Mass of Surplus-Value ......................................................................... 213
Part 4: Production of Relative Surplus-Value ........................................................................ 219
Chapter 12: The Concept of Relative Surplus-Value .............................................................. 220
Chapter 13: Co-operation ........................................................................................................ 227
Chapter 14: Division of Labour and Manufacture ................................................................... 237
Section 1: Two-Fold Origin of Manufacture ....................................................................... 237
Section 2: The Detail Labourer and his Implements ........................................................... 238
Section 3: The Two Fundamental Forms of Manufacture: Heterogeneous Manufacture,
Serial Manufacture .............................................................................................................. 240
Section 4: Division of Labour in Manufacture, and Division of Labour in Society ............ 244
Section 5: The Capitalistic Character of Manufacture ........................................................ 248
Chapter 15: Machinery and Modern Industry ......................................................................... 261
Section 1 : The Development of Machinery ........................................................................ 261
Section 2: The Value Transferred by Machinery to the Product ........................................ 268
Section 3: The Proximate Effects of Machinery on the Workman ..................................... 271
Section 4: The Factory......................................................................................................... 284
Section 5: The Strife Between Workman and Machine ...................................................... 287
Section 6: The Theory of Compensation as Regards the Workpeople Displaced by
Machinery ............................................................................................................................ 293
Section 7: Repulsion and Attraction of Workpeople by the Factory System. Crises in the
Cotton Trade ........................................................................................................................ 298
Section 8: Revolution Effected in Manufacture, Handicrafts, and Domestic Industry by
Modern Industry .................................................................................................................. 304
Section 9: The Factory Acts. Sanitary and Educational Clauses of the same. Their General
Extension in England ........................................................................................................... 315
Section 10: Modern Industry and Agriculture ..................................................................... 329
Part 5: Production of Absolute and Relative Surplus-Value ................................................. 358
Chapter 16: Absolute and Relative Surplus-Value .................................................................. 359
Chapter 17: Changes of Magnitude in the Price of Labour-Power and in Surplus-Value ....... 367
Section 1: Length of the Working day and Intensity of Labour Constant. Productiveness of
Labour Variable ................................................................................................................... 367
Section 2: Working day Constant. Productiveness of Labour Constant. Intensity of Labour
Variable ............................................................................................................................... 370
Section 3: Productiveness and Intensity of Labour Constant. Length of the Working day
Variable ............................................................................................................................... 370
Section 4: Simultaneous Variations in
the Duration, Productiveness, and Intensity of Labour
............................................................................................................................................. 372
Chapter 18: Various Formula for the rate of Surplus-Value ................................................... 375
Part 6: Wages ............................................................................................................................. 378
Chapter 19: The Transformation of the Value (and Respective Price) of Labour-Power into
Wages ...................................................................................................................................... 379
Chapter 20: Time-Wages ......................................................................................................... 384
Chapter 21: Piece Wages ......................................................................................................... 390
Chapter 22: National Differences of Wages ............................................................................ 396
Part 7: The Accumulation of Capital ....................................................................................... 400
Chapter 23: Simple Reproduction ........................................................................................... 401
Chapter 24: Conversion of Surplus-Value into Capital ........................................................... 410
Section 1: Capitalist Production on a Progressively Increasing Scale. Transition of the Laws
of Property that Characterise Production of Commodities into
Laws of Capitalist
Appropriation ...................................................................................................................... 410
Section 2: Erroneous Conception, by Political Economy, of Reproduction on a Progressively
Increasing Scale ................................................................................................................... 415
Section 3: Separation of Surplus-value into Capital and Revenue. The Abstinence Theory
............................................................................................................................................. 417
Section 4: Circumstances that, Independently of the Proportional Division of Surplus-value
into
Capital and Revenue, Determine the Amount of Accumulation. Degree of Exploitation
of Labour-Power. Productivity of Labour. Growing Difference in Amount Between Capital
Employed and Capital Consumed. Magnitude of Capital Advanced .................................. 421
Section 5: The So-Called Labour Fund ............................................................................... 426
Chapter 25: The General Law of Capitalist Accumulation ..................................................... 434
Section 1: The Increased Demand for labour power that Accompanies Accumulation, the
Composition of Capital Remaining the same ...................................................................... 434
Section 2: Relative Diminution of the Variable Part of Capital Simultaneously with the
Progress of Accumulation and of the Concentration that Accompanies it .......................... 438
Section 3: Progressive Production of a Relative surplus population or Industrial Reserve
Army .................................................................................................................................... 442
Section 4: Different Forms of the Relative surplus population. The General Law of
Capitalistic Accumulation ................................................................................................... 449
Section 5: Illustrations of the General Law of Capitalist Accumulation ............................. 453
Part 8: Primitive Accumulation ............................................................................................... 506
Chapter 26: The Secret of Primitive Accumulation ................................................................ 507
Chapter 27: Expropriation of the Agricultural Population From the Land .............................. 510
Chapter 28: Bloody Legislation Against the Expropriated, from the End of the 15th Century.
Forcing Down of Wages by Acts of Parliament ...................................................................... 522
Chapter 29: Genesis of the Capitalist Farmer .......................................................................... 528
Chapter 30: Reaction of the Agricultural Revolution on Industry. Creation of the Home-Market
for Industrial Capital ................................................................................................................ 530
Chapter 31: The Genesis of the Industrial Capitalist ............................................................... 533