Born in Germany in 1483. Born in Germany in 1483

Born in Germany in 1483.

• Born in Germany in 1483.

• After surviving a violent storm, he vowed to become a monk.

• Lived in the city of Wittenberg.

• Died in 1546.

• Protest

• To express strong objection

• Corruption

• Political Conflicts

The Church raised money through practices like simony and selling indulgences.

• The Church raised money through practices like simony and selling indulgences.

Do not go to Hell!

• Do not go to Hell!

• Do not go to Purgatory!

• Get through Purgatory faster!

• Do not pass Go!

KINGS AND QUEENS

• KINGS AND QUEENS

In 1301, the king tried to tax the French clergy.

• In 1301, the king tried to tax the French clergy.

• The pope threatened to excommunicate the king and so was arrested. He was later released.

• The next pope, Clement V, moved the headquarters of the Church from Rome to Avignon in southern France.

• Many people felt that the French kings controlled the Church.

The next six popes lived in Avignon. Pope Gregory then moved the papacy back to Rome in 1377.

• The next six popes lived in Avignon. Pope Gregory then moved the papacy back to Rome in 1377.

• When Gregory died, the French cardinals did not like the new pope in Rome, so they elected a different pope in Avignon.

• Later, a Church council elected a third pope.

John Wycliffe (1330-1384)

• John Wycliffe (1330-1384)

• Questioned the authority of the pope

• Jan Hus (1370-1415)

• Criticized the vast wealth of the Church

• Desiderius Erasmus (1469-1536)

• Attacked corruption in the Church

Luther criticized Church practices, like selling indulgences.

• Luther criticized Church practices, like selling indulgences.

• He wanted to begin a discussion within the Church about the true path to salvation.

• He nailed his Ninety-Five Theses, or arguments, to the door of Wittenberg cathedral for all to see.

The Bible is the only source of truth.

• The Bible is the only source of truth.

• People can read and understand the Bible themselves.

• Salvation comes only through faith in Christ.

Pope Leo X demanded that Luther recant 41 of his Ninety-Five Theses.

• Pope Leo X demanded that Luther recant 41 of his Ninety-Five Theses.

• Luther was brought before the Diet of Worms.

• In January 1521, Luther was excommunicated from the Church.

Luther’s ideas spread quickly with the help of the printing press.

• Luther’s ideas spread quickly with the help of the printing press.

• Luther’s supporters distributed copies of his speeches and essays far and wide.

• Millions of people sided with Luther against the Roman Catholic Church.

Luther soon had many followers.

• Luther soon had many followers.

• His supporters began to organize a new Christian denomination.

• Several German princes supported Luther.

• Lutherans and Catholics fought each other.

• The first wars ended with the Treaty of Augsburg, but fighting in Europe over religion continued to the mid-seventeenth century.

Luther’s followers disagreed with many of the teachings of the Catholic Church.

• Luther’s followers disagreed with many of the teachings of the Catholic Church.

• They rejected the authority of Church councils and the pope.

• Reading the Bible was the only way to learn how to lead a good life.

France and Switzerland:

• France and Switzerland:

• John Calvin preached the idea of “predestination” and that some people had been chosen by God for salvation.

• England:

• King Henry VIII refused to recognize the Roman Catholic Church and started a new church, the Church of England.