Appendix I: Case Discussions

Brownlee, Jason (2009). Portents of Pluralism: How Hybrid Regimes Affect Democratic Transitions. American Journal of Political Science 53(3): 515-532.
Brubaker, Rogers (1990). Immigration, Citizenship, and the Nation-State in France and Germany: A Comparative Historical Analysis. International Sociology 5(4): 379-407.
Brubaker, Rogers (1995). Aftermaths of Empire and the unmixing of peoples: historical and comparative perspectives. Ethnic and Racial Studies 18(2): 189-218.
Bruegel, J.W. (1973). The Germans in pre-war Czechoslovakia. In A History of the Czechoslovak Republic 1918-1948 (eds. Mamatey, Victor S., Luza, Radomir).
Brüggeman, K. (2003). Defending national sovereignty against two Russias: Estonia in the Russian Civil War, 1918–1920. Journal of Baltic Studies 34(1): 22-51.
Bruneau, Thomas C. (1984). Politics and Nationhood: Post-Revolutionary Portugal. New York: Praeger Publishers.
Bruneau, Thomas C. (2005). Civil-Military Relations in Latin America: The Hedgehog Fox Revisited. Revista Fuerzas Armadas y Sociedad 19(1-2): 111-131.
Bruneau, Thomas C. (2006). Ecuador: The Continuing Challenge of Democratic Consolidation and Civil-Military Relations. Strategic Insights V(2).
Bruneau., Thomas C., and Matei, Florina C. (2013). Asserting civilian control: Argentina. In The Routledge Handbook of Civil-Military Relations (eds. Bruneau, Thomas C., Matei, Florina C.): 181-193.
Brunnbauer, U. (2012). Emigration Policies and Nation-building in Interwar Yugoslavia. European History Quarterly 42(4): 602–627.
Brustein, W. (1991). The “Red Menace” and the Rise of Italian Fascism. American Sociological Review (56)5: 652-664.
Bryant, Chad (2007). Prague in Black: Nazi Rule and Czech Nationalism. USA: President and Fellows of Harvard College.
Brzezinski, M. (1998). The Struggle for Constitutionalism in Poland. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
Brøgger, Line, Nørgaard, Ole, and Cummings, Sally (2004). State of the State in Mongolia. DEMSTAR Research Report no. 23.
Brøgger, Line, Cummings, Sally, Jensen, Henning, and Nørgaard, Ole (2005). State of the States in the Southern Caucasus. DEMSTAR Research Report no. 26.
BTI (2003). Country Reports. Gütersloh, Germany: Bertelsmann Stiftung.
BTI (2006). Country Reports. Gütersloh, Germany: Bertelsmann Stiftung.
BTI (2008). Country Reports. Gütersloh, Germany: Bertelsmann Stiftung.
BTI (2010). Country Reports. Gütersloh, Germany: Bertelsmann Stiftung.
BTI (2012). Country Reports. Gütersloh, Germany: Bertelsmann Stiftung.
BTI (2014). The BTI 2014 at a Glance. Gütersloh, Germany: Bertelsmann Stiftung.
BTI (2016). Codebook for Country Assessments. Gütersloh, Germany: Bertelsmann Stiftung.
Buendia, Rizal G. (2005). The State-Moro Armed Conflict in the Philippines. Unpublished.
Bugge, Peter (2006/2007). Czech Democracy 1918-1938 – Paragon or Parody? A Journal of History and Civilisation in East Central Europe 47(1): 3-28.
Bulag, U. (1998). Nationalism and Hybridity in Mongolia. Oxford University Press.
Bulloch, Jamie A.M. (2002). The Promotion of an Austrian Identity 1918-1938. University College London: PhD Dissertation.
Bulmer-Thomas, Victor (1991): Nicaragua since 1930. In Central America since Independence (eds. Bethell, Leslie): 227-277.
Bunbongkarn, Suchit (1992). Thailand in 1991: Coping with Military Guardianship. Asian Survey 32(2): 131-139.
Bunce, V. (2003). Rethinking Recent Democratization: Lessons from the Postcommunist Experience. World Politics.
Buquet, Daniel, and Pineiro, Rafael (2014). Corruption and Governance Improvement in Uruguay. Paper prepared for the 2014 Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association.
Burg, Steven L., and Shoup, Paul S. (1999). The War in Bosnia-Herzegovina: Ethnic Conflict and International Intervention. Abingdon: Routledge.
Burger, Angela S. (1992). Changing Civil-Military Relations in Sri Lanka. Asian Survey 32(8): 744-756.
Burns, L. (2009). Bringing the Judiciary Back In: An Analysis of the Impact of Executive-Judicial Relations on Democratic Institutional Stability in Venezuela. University of British Columbia: PhD Dissertation.
Burt, J. (2004). State Making Against Democracy: The Case of Fujimori’s Peru. In Politics in the Andes: Identify, Conflict, Reform (eds. Burt, Jo-Marie, Mauceri, Philip).
Burt, J. (2007). Political Violence and the Authoritarian State in Peru. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Butler, Anthony (2009). Contemporary South Africa. Palgrave Macmillan.
Buur, Lars (2001). The South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission: A Technique of Nation-State Formation. In States of Imagination: Ethnographic Explorations of the Postcolonial State (eds. Hansen and Stepputat).
Bybee, Ashley N. (2011). Narco State or Failed State? Narcotics and Politics in Guinea-Bissau. George Mason University: PhD Dissertation.
Bøås, Morten (2001). Liberia and Sierra Leone – dead ringers? The logic of neopatrimonial rule. Third World Quarterly 22(5): 697-723.
Bøås, Morten, and Torheim, Liv Elin (2013). The Trouble in Mali – corruption, collusion, resistance. Third World Quarterly 34(7): 1279-1292.
Cagigal, Juan Carlos Rojo (2008). On state autonomy: pressure groups and public policy in Britain and Spain in a comparative perspective, 1830s-1930s. Working Papers in Economic History.
Calderón, C., and Chong, A. (2007). Rent Seeking and Democracy: Empirical Evidence for Uruguay. Economic Inquiry 5(3): 592–601.
Calderon, Ricardo A. (2000). The demilitarization of public security in Panama. Small Wars & Insurgencies 11(1): 97-111.
Caldwell, Peter C. (2008). The Citizen and the Republic in Germany, 1918-1935. In Citizenship and National Identity in Twentieth-Century Germany (eds. Eley, Geoff, Palmowski, Jan): 40-57.
Call, Chuck (1997). Police Reform, Human Rights, and Democratization in Post-conflict Settings: Lessons from El Salvador. Paper presented at the USAID Conference.
Call, Charles T. (2003). Democratisation, War and State-Building: Constructing the Rule of Law in El Salvador. Journal of Latin American Studies 35(4): 827-862.
Calvert, Peter (1985). Guatemala: A Nation in Turmoil. Boulder: Westview Press.
Cameron, Robert (2010). Redefining political-administrative relationships in South Africa. International Review of Administrative Sciences.
Cammack, Diana (2007). The Logic of African Neopatrimonialism: What Role for Donors? Development Policy Review 25(5): 599-614.
Cammack, Diana, and Kelsall, Tim (2011). Neo-patrimonialism, Institutions and Economic Growth: The Case of Malawi, 1964-2009. IDS Bulletin.
Campion, Jonas (2015). Gendarmeries, state reinforcement and territorial control at the ends of world wars: Belgium, France and The Netherlands, 1914-50. European Review of History 22(3): 451-467.
Canessa, Andrew (2012). New Indigenous Citizenship in Bolivia: Challenging the Liberal Model of the State and its Subjects. Latin American and Caribbean Ethnic Studies 7(2): 201-221.
Cannon, B. (2008). Class/Race Polarizationin Venezuela and the Electoral Success of Hugo Chavez: a break with the past or the song remains the same? Third World Quarterly.
Canuto, Otaviano, and Lin, Justin Yifu (2011). Introduction. In The Great Recession and Developing Countries: Economic Impact and Growth Prospects: 1-13.
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Caplan, Jane (1988). Government without Administration: State and Civil Service in Weimar and Nazi Germany. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Capoccia, Giovanni (2005). Defending Democracy. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
Capoccia, Giovanni, and Ziblatt, Daniel (2010). The Historical Turn in Democratization Studies: A New Research Agenda for Europe and Beyond. Comparative Political Studies 43(8-9): 931-968.
Carattini, D.R. (1996). Nation Building /Nation Development - The Effects of the Infrastructure Rebuilding Program in Panama. U.S. Army War College.
Carbone, Giovanni M. (2003). Emerging Pluralist Politics in Mozambique: The Frelimo-Renamo Party System. Working Paper no. 23, crisis states programme, LSE development research centre.
Carbone, Giovanni, and Memoli, Vincenzo (2015). Does Democratization Foster State Consolidation? Democratic Rule, Political Order, and Administrative Capacity. Governance 28(1): 5-24.
Carmack, Robert (2009). Conclusions. In Mayas in Postwar Guatemala (eds. Little, Walter E., and Smith, Timothy J.): 181-195.
Carothers, Thomas (2002). The End of the Transition Paradigm. Journal of Democracy 13(1): 5-21.
Carothers, Thomas (2007). The “Sequencing” Fallacy. Journal of Democracy 18(1): 12-27.
Carpenter, M. (1997). Slovakia and the Triumph of Nationalist Populism. Communist and Post-Communist Studies.
Carr, Raymond (1982). Spain, 1808-1975. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Carranza, Marie E. (1997). Transitions to Electoral Regimes and the Future of Civil-Military Relations in Argentina and Brazil. Latin American Perspectives 24(5): 7-25.
Carroll, Barbara Wake, and Carroll, Terrance (1997). State and ethnicity in Botswana and Mauritius: A democratic route to development? Journal of Development Studies 33(4): 464-486.
Carsten, F.L. (1973). The Reichswehr and Politics, 1918-1933. Los Angeles: University of California Press.
Carsten, F.L. (1986). The First Austrian Republic 1918-1938: A Study Based on British and Austrian Documents. London: Gower Publishing Company.
Carter, David B., and Signorino, Curtis S. (2010). Back to the Future: Modeling Time Dependence in Binary Data. Political Analysis 18: 271–92.
Cartwright, John (1970). Politics in Sierra Leone, 1947-1967. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
Carvajal, Roger A. (2014). Violence in Honduras: An Analysis of the Failure in Public Security and the State’s Response to Criminality. Monterey: Naval Postgraduate School.
Casanova, Julián (2000). Civil Wars, Revolutions and Counterrevolutions in Finland, Spain, and Greece (1918-1949): A Comparative Analysis. International Journal of Politics, Culture, and Society 13(3): 515-537.
Casanova, Julián (2010). The Spanish Republic and Civil War. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Casanova, Julián, and Andrés, Carlos G. (2014). Twentieth-Century Spain: A History. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Cassel, Douglass (2009). Honduras: Coup d’État in Constitutional Clothing? Notre Dame Law School Faculty Work 13(9).
Cavarozzi, Marcelo (1978). El orden oligarquico Chile, 1880-1940. Desarollo Económico 18(70): 2321-263.
Cawthra, Gavin (2003). Security Transformation in Post-Apartheid South Africa. In Governing Insecurity: Democratic Control of Military and Security Establishments in Transitional Democracies (eds. Cawthra, Gavin, Luckham, Robin).
Cehovin, M., and Hacek, M. (2015). Critical Analysis of Civil Service Politicisation in Slovenia. World Political Science.
Cehulic, Lidija (2001). Development of Civil-Military Relations in Croatia. Unpublished.
Cekov, Aleksandar (2009). Police Reforms in Macedonia on the Path to EU Integration. Analytical.
Celik, N. (2012). The Evolution Civil-Military Relations and Democratization in the Balkans. Journal of Regional Security 7(1): 45–54.
Cerezales, Diego P. (2013). Weak State and Civic Culture in Liberal Portugal (1851-1926). In The Making of Modern Portugal (eds. Trindade, Luis): 44-65.
Chadda, Maya (1997). Ethnicity, Security, and Separatism in India. New York: Columbia University Press.
Chambers, P. (2010). Thailand on the Brink: Resurgent Military, Eroded Democracy. Asian Survey.
Chamie, Joseph (1976-1977). The Lebanese Civil War: An Investigation into the Causes. World Affairs 139(3): 171-188.
Champassak, Sisouk Na (1961). Storm over Laos: A Contemporary History. Westport: Greenwood Publishing Group.
Chari, P.R. (1977). Civil-Military Relations in India. Armed Forces & Society 4(1): 3-28.
Charkviani, Tamr (2013). Post-Soviet Georgia in the Process of Transformation – Modernization Challenges in Public Service. Romanian Journal of Political Sciences (2): 137-162.
Chase, M. (2005). Defense Reform in Taiwan: Problems and Prospects. Asian Survey.
Chavez, Margarita, and Zambrano, Marta (2006). From blancqueamiento to reindigenización: Paradoxes of mestizaje and multiculturalism in contemporary Colombia. European Review of Latin American and Caribbean Studies 80: 5-23.
Cheng, Tun-Jen, Haggard, Stephan, and Kang, David (1998). Institutions and growth in Korea and Taiwan: The bureaucracy. Journal of Development Studies 34(6): 87-111.
Chin-ming, Sun (2001). Taiwan: Toward a Higher Degree of Military Professionalism. In Military Professionalism in Asia (Alagappa, Muthiah).
Chinn, Jeff, and Kaiser, Robert (1996). Russians as the New Minority: Ethnicity and Nationalism in the Soviet Successor States. Boulder: Westview Press.
Chisholm, Neil (2014). The Faces of Judicial Independence: Democratic versus Bureaucratic Accountability in Judicial Selection, Training, and Promotion in South Korea and Taiwan. American Journal of Comparative Law.
Chivvis, Christopher S., and Dogo, Harun (2010). Getting Back on Track in Bosnia-Herzegovina. Washington Quarterly 33(4): 103-118.
Cho, Jung-Kwan (2001). Taming the Military to Consolidate Democracy: The South Korean Experience. Pacific Focus.
Cho, Wonhyuk, Im, Tobin, Porumbescu, Gregory A., Lee, Hyunkuk, and Park, Jungho (2013). A Cross-Country Study of the Relationship between Weberian Bureaucracy and Government Performance. International Review of Public Administration 18(3): 115-137.
Choi, Yearn H. (1978). Failure of Democracy in Legislative Processes: The Case of South Korea, 1960. World Affairs 140(4): 331-340.
Chowdhury, Mahfuzul H. (2003). Violence, politics and the state in Bangladesh. Conflict, Security & Development 3(2): 265-276.
Christensen, Tom (1991). Bureaucratic Roles: Political Loyalty and Bureaucratic Autonomy. Scandinavian Political Studies 14(4): 303-320.
Christodoulakis, N. (2013). Currency crisis and Collapse in Interwar Greece: Predicament or Policy failure? European Review of Economic History 17: 272–293.
Chu, Yun-han, Bratton, Michael, Lagos, Marta, and Shastri, Sandeep (2008). Public Opinion and Democratic Legitimacy. Journal of Democracy 19(2): 74-87.
Chubb, Basil (1992). The Government and Politics of Ireland. New York: Routledge.
Chung, Erin (2010). Immigration and Citizenship in Japan. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Cierco, Teresa (2013). Public administration reform in Macedonia. Communist and Postcommunist Studies.
Cilliers, J. (1996). Security and Transition in South Africa. In Civil-Military Relations and Democracy (eds. Diamond and Plattner).
Cingolani, Luciana V. (2014). Bureaucracies for Development: Oxymoron or Reality? Maastricht University: PhD Dissertation.
Clapham, Christopher (1998). Degrees of Statehood. Review of International Studies 24(2): 143-157.
Clark, Cal (2000). Democracy, Bureaucracy, and State Capacity in Taiwan. International Journal of Public Administration.
Clark, John (2008). The Failure of Democracy in the Republic of Congo. Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers.
Clark, A. Kim, and Becker, Marc (2007). Indigenous Peoples and State Formation in Modern Ecuador. In Highland Indians and the state in modern Ecuador (eds. Clark, A.K., Becker, M.): 1-22.
Clements, Frank (1996). The Israeli Secret Services. New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers.
Clifford, Mark (1994). Troubled Tiger: Businessmen, Bureaucrats, and Generals in South Korea. New York: M.E. Sharpe.
Cline, Lawrence E. (2013). Nomads, Islamists, and Soldiers: The Struggles for Northern Mali. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism 36(8): 617-634.
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Cloughley, Brian (2014). A History of the Pakistan Army: Wars and Insurrections. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
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Coakley, John (1986). Political succession and regime change in new states in inter-war Europe: Ireland, Finland, Czechoslovakia and the Baltic Republics. European Journal of Political Research 14(1-2): 187-206.
Cockett, Richard (2010). Sudan: The Failure and Divisions of an African State. Totton: Hobbs the Printers.
Codron, Jérémie (2007). Putting Factions ‘Back in’ the Civil-Military relations Equation: Genesis, Maturation and Distortion of the Bangladeshi Army. South Asia Multidisciplinary Academic Journal.
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Cohen, Youssef (1987). Democracy from Above: The Political Origins of Military Dictatorship in Brazil. World Politics 40(1): 30-54.
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Collier, Ruth Berins, and Collier, David (1991). Shaping the Political Arena: Critical Junctures, the Labor Movement, and Regime Dynamics in Latin America. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
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Governance Programs. Governance 27(2): 191-214.

Cornell, Agnes, and Grimes, Marcia (2015). Political Control of Bureaucracies as an Incentive for Party Bahvior. In Elites, Institutions, and the Quality of Government (eds. Dahlström, Carl, Wängnerud, Lena): 205-223.
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