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Anglo-Saxon & Old English History and Literature
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tarix | 20.05.2022 | ölçüsü | 0,69 Mb. | | #87468 |
| Anglo-Saxon and Old English History and Literature - Pre-Historical – 1066 A.D.
Overview of Periods of Early English History Pre-History—1066 A. D. - Pre-Roman/Pre-Historical up to 55 B. C.
- Roman Occupation 55 B. C. – 410 A. D.
- Anglo-Saxon Period 410 – 787 A. D.
- Viking Invasions 787 – 1066 A. D.
- Norman Conquest begins in 1066
Pre-Historical / Pre-Roman Pre-Historical / Pre-Roman - The island we know as England was occupied by a race of people called the Celts. One of the tribes was called Britons (where we get the term Britain)
- The Celts were Pagans and their religion was known as “animism” a Latin word for “spirit.” Celts saw spirits everywhere
- Druids were their priests; their role was to go between the gods and the people
Important Events During Roman Occupation - Julius Caesar begins invasion/occupation in 55 B.C.
- Occupation completed by Claudius in 1st cent. A.D.
- Hadrian’s Wall built about 121 A.D.
- Romans “leave” in 410 A.D. because Visigoths attack Rome
The Anglo-Saxon Period 410-787 - 410- 450 Angles and Saxons invade from Baltic shores of Germany, and the Jutes invade from the Jutland peninsula in Denmark
- They were totally different from the Romans and all the Roman elements in Britan were distroyed (including Christianism).
Anglo-Saxon Heptarchy - Heptarchy = Seven Kingdoms
- Kent
- Essex (East Saxon)
- Sussex (South Saxon)
- East Anglia
- Northumbria
- Mercia
- Wessex (West Saxon)
Christianity - The anglo-saxon kingdoms were PAGAN but
- St. Augustine (the “other” St. Augustine!) lands in Kent in 597 and begins the conversion of the anglo-saxon reigns.
Viking Invasions 787-1066 Vikings or Danes - By definition, Vikings were sea-faring (explorers, traders, and warriors) Scandinavians during the 8th through 11th centuries.
- Oddly enough, the Anglo-Saxon (and Jute) heritage was not much different from the Vikings’: they, too, were Scandinavian invaders.
- However, when the Viking raids began around 787, the Anglo-Saxons were different culturally from the Viking invaders > still PAGAN!!!
Results of the Viking Invasions - They settled in north-central Britain.
- Alfred the Great (ruled from approx. 871-899 A.D.) was one of the first Anglo-Saxon kings to push Vikings back; in fact, he was one of the first kings to begin consolidating power, unifying several of the separate Anglo-Saxon kingdoms.
- Pact with with the Vikings: Danelaw. Co-existence of reigns: anglo-saxon / danish
Early England Created by Three Invasions - 1. Roman Occupation 55 B.C.-410 A.D.
- 2. Anglo-Saxon and Viking Invasions 410 – 1066 A.D.
- 3. The Norman Invasion (The Battle of Hastings) in 1066 A.D.
Norman Invasion - In 1066 at the Battle of Hastings, the Normans (powerful Northern Frenchmen) defeated the English and started a centuries-long conquest of England
- Two Most Important Effects:
- French becomes official language of politics and power and exerts enormous influence on Old English
- England begins unifying under a French political system, much of which is still with us today (even in the U.S.)
The Anglo-Saxon Period in Review - Pre-Anglo-Saxon (really “pre” historical)
- Celtic Peoples (approx 1700/400 B.C. – 55 B.C.)
- Roman Occupation (55 B.C.-410 A.D.)
- Anglo-Saxon/Viking
- Angles, Saxons and Jutes (410-787
- Viking Raids/Invasions begin 8th c. and end 10th c.
- Norman Invasion/Occupation (really in the Middle Ages)
- Battle of Hastings in 1066, then about four centuries of French rule
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