1500 Europe in isolation
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19.07.2018
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1500
Europe in isolation
1500 Europe in isolation
Supernatural explanations explained everything
Exploration of world caused questions
Museums
Interest
in biology and earth sciences
Charles Darwin
Charles Darwin
Natural Selection
Charles Lyell
Uniformitarianism
A 19th century scholar who developed the evolutionary approach
A 19th century scholar who developed the evolutionary approach
Pioneered the
comparative study of culture
Provided a classic definition of culture that is still valid
Provided a classic definition of culture that is still valid
Key theorist in the anthropology of religion
Survival
of the fittest
Survival of the fittest
Social Darwinism
Set high standard
for excellence in fieldwork
Set high standard for excellence in fieldwork
Developed the idea of cultural relativity
Discredited then-dominant theories of racial superiority
Developed the structural-functional approach to look at how each aspect of society contributes to
the maintenance of the whole
Developed the structural-functional approach to look at how each aspect of society contributes to the maintenance of the whole
Outlined the biological and psychological needs of people fulfilled by culture
Outlined the biological and psychological needs of people fulfilled by culture
Pioneered the participant observation method
Wrote “Patterns of Culture”
Wrote “Patterns of Culture”
Viewed
cultures as coherent patterns
A “founding mother” of anthropology
A “founding mother” of anthropology
Pioneered the cross-cultural study of personality
Insights
into process of acculturation
Insights into process of acculturation
Influenced development of the culture-and-personality school of anthropology
Introduced terms "status" and "role"
The Tree of Culture (1955)
Established structuralism, which considers the underlying mental structures
that culture represents
Established structuralism, which considers the underlying mental structures that culture represents
Founder of the cultural ecology approach that focuses on the interactions of cultures
with their environments
Founder of the cultural ecology approach that focuses on the interactions of cultures with their environments
Developed the cultural materialist approach with focus on how the techno-economic aspects of culture determine the social and ideological spheres
Developed the cultural materialist approach with focus on how the techno-economic aspects of culture determine the social and ideological spheres
Empiricist
Empiricist
Came up 70 or so “cultural universals”
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